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Instrument > AREA OF OPERATION VII: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS > Flashcards

AREA OF OPERATION VII: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What minimum weather conditions must be forecast at your selected alternate airport with a nonprecision approach for it to be acceptable as an alternate?

A

Ceiling 800 ft. and visibility 2 SM.

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2
Q

What does the phrase “minimum descent altitude (MDA)” mean?

A

The lowest altitude to which descent is authorized on the final approach segment of a nonprecision approach without adequate visual reference for landing.

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3
Q

What is a visual descent point (VDP)?

A

A defined point on a nonprecision, straight-in approach from which a normal descent from the MDA to the runway may begin if visual reference is established.

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4
Q

Name and describe several types of nonprecision approaches.

A

VOR approach, NDB approach, GPS approach, LOC approach.

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5
Q

Explain the procedures for flying a typical nonprecision approach that incorporates a procedure turn.

  1. Proceed to the ___________
  2. Head __________ on the reciprocal of the inbound course,
  3. Perform a ___________ turn to re-intercept the approach course inbound
  4. Descend to appropriate altitudes.
A

Proceed to the IAF, head outbound on the reciprocal of the inbound course, perform a procedure turn to re-intercept the approach course inbound, and descend to appropriate altitudes.

  1. Proceed to the IAF
  2. Head outbound on the reciprocal of the inbound course
  3. Perform a procedure turn to re-intercept the approach course inbound
  4. Descend to appropriate altitudes.
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6
Q

What are the differences between an SDF, an LDA, and a standard localizer (LOC)?

SDF: __° or __° course width, no ____________ ____________.

LDA: Not aligned with ____________, may have ____________ ____________.

LOC: __° to __° course width, aligned with ____________.

A

SDF: 6° or 12° course width, no glide slope.

LDA: Not aligned with runway, may have glide slope.

LOC: 3° to 6° course width, aligned with runway.

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7
Q

What methods can be used to define/determine the missed approach point (MAP) for a nonprecision approach?

A

Intersection, DME fix, NAVAID (VOR or NDB), or time from the FAF.

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8
Q

If you break out of the clouds at the MDA for a nonprecision approach to a runway with a VASI system and you are below the glide slope, what should you do?

A

Momentarily level off to intercept the proper glide path.

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9
Q

What minimum weather conditions must be forecast at your selected alternate airport with a precision approach for it to be acceptable as an alternate?

A

Ceiling 600 ft. and visibility 2 SM.

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10
Q

What does the term “decision altitude” mean?

A

The height in feet MSL at which a decision must be made on a precision approach to continue the approach or execute a missed approach.

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11
Q

What does the term “decision height” mean?

A

The height in feet AGL at which a decision must be made on a precision approach to continue the approach or execute a missed approach.

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12
Q

What is the difference between decision altitude (DA) and decision height (DH)?

DA is in feet ___________, DH is in feet ____________.

A

DA is in feet MSL, DH is in feet AGL.

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13
Q

Explain the procedures for flying a typical precision approach that involves radar vectors to the final approach course.

Receive ____________ from ATC to intercept the inbound course, set the inbound course on the ____________ or ____________, and follow the vectors to the ____________ for a stabilized approach.

A

Receive vectors from ATC to intercept the inbound course, set the inbound course on the VOR or HSI, and follow the vectors to the FAF for a stabilized approach.

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14
Q

Name and describe two types of precision approaches.

A

PAR: Controller provides accurate azimuth and elevation guidance. ILS: Uses localizer and glide slope transmitters for lateral and descent path guidance.

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15
Q

Describe precision instrument runway markings. What is their purpose?

They include ____________ ____________ and fixed-distance markings to provide ____________ points and inform the pilot of the remaining ____________ distance.

A

They include touchdown zone and fixed-distance markings to provide aiming points and inform the pilot of the remaining runway distance.

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16
Q

If you find yourself two dots off the localizer as you approach DA, but the runway is still not in sight, what is your best course of action?

A

Make a slight correction toward the localizer and continue the approach without dramatic maneuvers.

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17
Q

What is a missed approach point (MAP)?

A

The point at which the pilot must have the runway in sight or perform the prescribed missed approach procedures.

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18
Q

Where is the missed approach point on an instrument landing system (ILS) approach?

A

When the aircraft arrives at the DA with the glide slope needle centered.

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19
Q

When should you familiarize yourself with the missed approach procedure and get set up for it?

A

Before initiating the approach and be ready to perform the missed approach procedure before reaching the MAP or DA.

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20
Q

What would cause you to execute a missed approach?

A

Either weather conditions do not allow for a safe landing, or lateral/vertical limits are not maintained during the approach.

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21
Q

Under what circumstances is obstacle clearance assured during a missed approach?

A

Only when the missed approach is commenced at the published missed approach point or above the DA.

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22
Q

Where is the entire missed approach procedure listed for a given approach?

A

In the pilot briefing section at the top of the approach plate.

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23
Q

When initiating a missed approach, what information should you transmit to ATC?

A

Notify ATC that you are going missed and provide the reason.

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24
Q

If you initiate a missed approach before reaching the MAP or DA, is it permissible to initiate a turn right away?

A

No, continue flying the approach course at or above MDA or DA until reaching the MAP, then initiate a turn if required.

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25
Q

Is there any circumstance that would cause you to ignore the missed approach procedure after going missed?

A

Only if ATC instructs you to do otherwise.

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26
Q

What is a circling approach?

A

An approach that allows an aircraft to maneuver to land on a runway that does not meet the criteria for a straight-in approach.

27
Q

Is there adequate obstacle clearance when performing a circling approach?

A

Yes, a minimum of 300 feet obstacle clearance is provided in the circling segment.

28
Q

Where can you find regulations regarding two-way radio communication failure during IFR flight?

A

14 CFR 91.185.

29
Q

What route should you fly if you lose two-way radio communications en route on an IFR flight?

A

The route assigned in your last ATC clearance.

30
Q

If no route was assigned in the last ATC clearance, what route should you fly after losing two-way radio communications?

A

The route filed in your flight plan.

31
Q

What altitude should you fly if cleared to 6,000 feet with an expected further clearance to 8,000 feet, in the event of communications failure?

A

Climb and maintain 8,000 feet.

32
Q

When should you begin your approach if radio failure occurs before arriving at a clearance limit where an approach can be initiated?

A

At the expected further clearance time, or based on your estimated time of arrival if no EFC time was given.

33
Q

When should you depart a clearance limit that is not a fix for an approach if you experience radio failure?

A

At the expected further clearance time or as close to your filed/amended ETA as possible if no EFC time was given.

34
Q

How do you indicate a two-way communications failure to ATC?

A

Set your transponder code to 7600.

35
Q

What circumstances might justify deviation from your IFR flight plan?

A

An emergency, collision avoidance alert, or encountering VFR conditions that allow safe landing at an alternate airport.

36
Q

What should you do if you lose two-way communications on an IFR flight but encounter VFR conditions?

A

Continue the flight under VFR and land as soon as practicable.

37
Q

What task must be performed as soon as possible after completing a flight under VFR due to communications failure?

A

Contact ATC to close your IFR flight plan.

38
Q

Are there regulations that provide guidance on deviating from a clearance?

A

Yes, 14 CFR 91.123.

39
Q

If you deviate from your flight plan due to a two-way communications failure, what responsibility do you have in relation to ATC?

A

Advise ATC as soon as possible and cancel the IFR flight plan.

40
Q

How do you determine which engine has failed in instrument conditions?

A

Note the rudder pressure required; “dead leg, dead engine.”

41
Q

Why is it important to feather the propeller on a failed engine?

A

A windmilling propeller produces large drag, hindering performance.

42
Q

Is it necessary to verify the failed engine in instrument conditions before feathering the propeller?

A

Yes, to avoid feathering the wrong propeller and losing performance.

43
Q

How do you verify a failed engine in instrument conditions?

A

Adjust mixture, propeller, and throttle levers, then reduce throttle on suspected engine to idle.

44
Q

What airspeed should you establish after one engine fails?

A

VysE.

45
Q

How do you determine VysE for your airplane?

A

It is depicted by a blue line on the airspeed indicator or in the POH/AFM.

46
Q

Does the instrument ACS require a multi-engine pilot to determine the reason for engine failure?

A

Yes, but not at the expense of maintaining aircraft control.

47
Q

What are the appropriate ACS for a one-engine-inoperative instrument approach?

A

The ACS include maintaining altitude, heading, and speed within specified tolerances while managing the emergency.

48
Q

Can the PIC operate the aircraft contrary to the manufacturer’s operating limitations if an engine fails on approach to ensure safe landing?

A

Yes, if necessary to ensure the flight arrives safely on the ground.

49
Q

What are the ACS for the final approach segment on a one-engine-inoperative instrument approach?

A

Maintain a stabilized approach and meet the criteria for descent and landing within specified tolerances.

50
Q

Is single-pilot resource management a consideration on a one-engine-inoperative instrument approach?

A

Yes, it is a critical consideration.

51
Q

How can you verify that your flight instruments are working correctly during an approach?

A

By consistently cross-checking primary and supporting instruments for valid information.

52
Q

If you suspect or verify that an instrument is failing, what must you do as soon as possible?

A

Report the failure to ATC as soon as possible.

53
Q

What information must you provide when reporting an instrument failure to ATC?

A

Identify the aircraft and affected equipment, the impact on IFR operation, and the type of assistance needed.

54
Q

How would you determine whether the heading indicator is accurate during an approach?

A

Cross-check against the magnetic compass, attitude indicator, and turn coordinator.

55
Q

Why is it important to cross-check the heading indicator to multiple instruments rather than just with the attitude indicator?

A

Both are powered by the vacuum system and may indicate similar errors; cross-checking with electrically driven gyro and magnetic compass helps identify failures.

56
Q

How would you identify an airspeed indicator failure?

A

Cross-check with power setting, attitude indicator, and VSI.

57
Q

What instruments would you use to verify the accuracy of the attitude indicator?

A

Turn coordinator, heading indicator, magnetic compass, altimeter, airspeed, and VSI.

58
Q

How can the airspeed indicator support the pitch information provided by the attitude indicator?

A

Airspeed changes when the attitude indicator shows level flight indicate potential failure, supported by VSI trends.

59
Q

What instrumentation can you use to verify power settings?

A

Tachometer, manifold pressure, fuel flow, and airspeed indicators.

60
Q

Can you continue under IFR and shoot the approach if your glass panel instrumentation fails?

A

Probably not; use analog backups for basic flight, request vectors to VMC for safer landing.

61
Q

What pilot-induced error could cause a complete failure of your glass panel displays during an approach?

A

Inadvertently switching off the avionics master switch.

62
Q

Will turning the avionics master switch back on immediately restore glass panel displays?

A

Yes, but it takes 3 to 5 minutes for the system to fully boot up.

63
Q

What should you do if a glass panel display failure occurs on the approach?

A

Execute a missed approach using backup gauges and request vectors from ATC while the panels reboot.

Instrument (10 decks)

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