AREA OF OPERATION V: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS Flashcards
What is a waypoint?
A ___________ ___________ determined by a ____________ and _______________ from a ___________/____________ or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.
A geographical position determined by a radial and distance from a VOR/DME or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.
How do you intercept a particular VOR radial?
Twist the ____________ to the radial, note _____________ deflection, ____________ toward the needle, and ____________ the needle.
Twist the OBS to the radial, note needle deflection, turn toward the needle, and center the needle.
What is bracketing in navigation?
A method to determine the correct ____________ to fly to track a course with a ____________, using trial and error.
A method to determine the correct heading to fly to track a course with a crosswind, using trial and error.
What is the operational difference between a VOR, VOR/DME, and VORTAC?
VORTACs and VOR/DME provide ____________ and ____________ information, while VORs provide only ____________.
VORTACs and VOR/DME provide azimuth and range information, while VORs provide only azimuth.
The azimuth is the angle formed between a reference direction
How do you determine your radial relative to a VOR using a VOR indicator or HSI?
Center the CDI needle with a ____________ indication and read the radial under the top index.
Center the CDI needle with a FROM indication and read the radial under the top index.
How do you determine your radial relative to a VOR using an RMI?
Center the *__________ __________ needle and read the radial under the heading.
Center the magnetic bearing needle and read the radial under the heading.
How do you identify an intersection of two VOR radials?
Use two VOR receivers, tune each to a different station, and center both needles.
How do you identify an intersection of a VOR radial and an NDB bearing?
Center the CDI needle on the radial and ensure the ADF needle points to the correct bearing.
What is the difference between homing and tracking?
Tracking corrects for ____________ ____________, while homing keeps the ____________ pointed at the station, resulting in a curved path.
Tracking corrects for wind drift, while homing keeps the nose pointed at the station, resulting in a curved path.
How do you intercept a particular NDB bearing?
- Turn to the ___________ heading of the bearing,
- Establish an ___________ angle,
- Turn ____________ when the bearing is indicated.
- Turn to the magnetic heading of the bearing, 2. Establish an intercept angle,
- Turn inbound when the bearing is indicated.
How do you verify that a navigational facility is the correct one and operational?
Monitor the Morse code identifier for the facility shown on the chart.
How do you identify station passage using a VOR?
The TO/FROM flag changes indication.
How do you identify station passage using an ADF?
The ADF needle turns 180° indicating the station is behind you.
What documents must be aboard an aircraft when it is being operated?
Airworthiness Certificate, Radio Station license, Registration Certificate, Operating limitations, and Weight and balance data (ARROW).
What information is included in an IFR departure clearance (CRAFT)?
Cleared to, Route, Altitude, Frequency, Transponder code.
How can you obtain your departure clearance at a controlled field?
On the clearance delivery frequency in Class B/C airspace, or on ground control/tower frequency in Class D/E/G airspace with an operating tower.
How can you obtain a departure clearance at an uncontrolled field?
By contacting the nearest FSS by telephone or radio before takeoff.
What does “cleared as filed” mean in a departure clearance?
The route of flight listed on your flight plan can be issued with little or no revision.
Are you required to accept a departure procedure (DP) if one is assigned by ATC?
No, pilots may refuse a DP when issued as part of a clearance.
How can you avoid being assigned a DP?
Include the notation “No DP” in the remarks section of your flight plan.
What is the purpose of DPs?
To simplify clearance delivery procedures when deemed appropriate by ATC.
What must you possess to accept a DP?
At least a textual description of the procedure.
What is the standard minimum climb gradient for a DP?
At least 200 feet per nautical mile unless specified otherwise.
What is an ILS critical area?
An area where ___________ aircraft can cause ____________ interference with localizer/glide slope ____________.
An area where ground aircraft can cause signal interference with localizer/glide slope transmitters.
Describe runway hold-short lines and signs.
Four yellow lines, two solid and two dashed, with solid lines on the hold side; signs have a red background with white numbers identifying the runways.
What color are runway lights?
Runway Edge Lights:
White: Typically used along the ___________ of the runway.
Yellow: On ___________ runways, yellow replaces white on the last ____________ feet to indicate a caution zone.
Runway Centerline Lights:
White: Used along the centerline of the runway.
Alternating Red and White: For the last ___________ feet of the runway.
Red: For the last ____________ feet of the runway.
Runway Edge Lights:
White: Typically used along the edges of the runway.
Yellow: On instrument runways, yellow replaces white on the last 2,000 feet to indicate a caution zone.
Runway Centerline Lights:
White: Used along the centerline of the runway.
Alternating Red and White: For the last 3,000 feet of the runway.
Red: For the last 1,000 feet of the runway.
What special signs are visible on the runway?
Runway distance remaining signs, indicating the remaining runway distance in thousands of feet.
What is a minimum reception altitude (MRA)?
The lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined.
How is a changeover point depicted on en route charts?
By a roughly “S”-shaped symbol with a long line perpendicular to the route segments and two shorter parallel lines extending from either end, with distances shown above and below the shorter lines.
What is the purpose of a STAR?
To simplify clearance delivery procedures when deemed appropriate by ATC.
