April 4 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What abx allow bacterial cells to be susceptible to osmotic stress causing them to burst?
B-lactam abx–penicillins, cephalosporins and vanco
What statistical test is used to determine whether there are any significant differences btw the means of 3 or more independent groups?
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
What is the cause of the disease that presents with intellectual disability, post-pubertal macroorchidism, long face with a large jaw, large everted ears, autism, mitral valve prolapse and often hyper laxity of the joints in the hand?
Fragile X syndrome–due to loss-of-function mutation in the FMR1 gene on long arm of CH. X
Postop hypoparathyroidism with resultant hypocalcemia should be treated with what?
Oral Ca and Vit D –calcitriol– 1,25 D3
What is released from Sertoli cells that cause inhibition of FSH?
Inhibin B–which is negative feedback causing inhibitor of FSH
1 gram of protein yields ___ Cal of energy?
4
Carbs are the same and 9 Cal of energy per gram of fat
Long term glucocorticoid therapy causes an increase in what within the liver?
Gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis –contributes to hyperglycemia
Second generation antipychotics (atypical) have an increased risk of what and what should be monitored?
-pines–especially olanzapine and clozapine=increased risk of metabolic syndrome–weight gain, DM, hyperlipidemia
Monitor-lipid panal and glucose
What type of selection occur in the thymus that involves TCRs that bind with high affinity self antigen or self MHC class i or ii?
Negative selection–these cells that bind tightly are eliminated by apoptosis
Occurs in the medulla
Positive selection occurs 1st in the cortex
What translocation is present in 90% of follicular lymphomas and what does this cause?
t(14;18)—causes overexpresion of Bcl2–which inhibits apoptosis
Abnormal spasm or diminished relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscles during swallowing (cricopharyngeal motor dysfunction) causes what?
Zenker diverticulum –pharyngoespohageal false diverticulum
What is seen with acute hepatotoxicity from inhaled anesthetics?
Elevated serum aminotransferase levels–due to massive hepatocellular injury
Prolonged PT–due to failure of hepatic synthetic function –deficiency of factor VII
Leukocytosis
Eosinophilia
What are the findings seen with congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)?
Pot-pellied Pale Puffy-faced child with Protruding umbilicus Protuberant tongue Poor brain development
The 6 P’s
What is the 1st line treatment for arsenic poisoning which presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, severe watery diarrhea, delirium, and hypotension from dehydration–garlic odor can also be noted on pts breath?
Dimercaprol
Vitamin C is necessary for the hydroxylation of ____ and ____.
Proline and lysine in pro-collagen
Pt with lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) with have inflammation of what tendons, which can affect what muscles responsible for wrist extension?
Swollen extensor tendon–extensor carpi radialis brevis
What type of anemia results from B-thalassemia?
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia
What type of HSR is contact dermatitis?
Type IV HSR —mediated by T lymphocytes
Tissue damage and abscess formation is caused by what type of cells?
Macrophages and neutrophils–lysosomal enzyme release
What is inhibited with lead poisoning causing inhibition of heme synthesis?
d-ALA dehydratase
What is the purpose of a southwestern blot?
Identifies DNA-binding proteins–transcription factors, nucleases, histone–using labeled oligonucleotide probes
Bilateral wedge-shaped strips of necrosis seen in the cerebral convexity are indicative of what?
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
What enzyme is deficient in Niemann-Pick disease and how does it present?
Sphingomyelinase–buildup of sphingomyelin
AR disease that presents with progressive neurodegneration, heptosplenomegaly, foam cells (lipid-laden macrophages), and cherry-red spot on macula
When is pulmonary vascular resistance lowest?
At functional residual capacity –which is end of normal expiration
