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1 UWorld > April 15 > Flashcards

April 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What embryologic structure forms the glomerulus through to distal convoluted tubule?

A

Metanephric mesenchyme (metanephric blastema)

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2
Q

What embryologic structure forms the ureter, pelvises, calyces, collecting ducts?

A

Metanephric diverticulum–Ureteric bud

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3
Q

What process provides a source of NADPH, occurs within the cytoplasm and what enzymes are used in this process?

A

HMP shunt–pentose phosphate pathway

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase

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4
Q

Pt with DKA is going to have increased excretion of what 2 substance in the urine and what will decrease with the urine?

A

Increased NH4+ and H2PO4- –increased H+ secretion

Decreased pH and HCO3- excretion—bicarb will be resorbed at increased rate

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5
Q

Damage to the infraorbital nerve due to fracture of the orbital floor, which is composed of the zygomatic bone and maxilla, will cause what symptoms?

A

Numbness and paresthesia to the upper check, upper lip, and upper gingiva

Displacement of the orbital contents through the floor may cause enophthalmos, entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle impairing superior gaze.

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6
Q

Disorder involving recurrent unexpected panic attacks characterized by an abrupt surge of fear accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms?

A

Panic disorder

Pt continuously worries about future attacks and restricts activity as a result

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7
Q

Pt received inject and shortly after walked with a limb where is right hip would drop when he lifted his right foot off the ground. Where was the shot administered?

A

Left superomedial quadrant of the buttock

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8
Q

Where does Isotyping of B-cells occur and what is required?

A

Germinal centers of lymph nodes

–requires interaction of CD40 with CD40L (CD154) expressed by activated T-cells

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9
Q

Pt presents with unilateral JVD and has lung cancer. Dx?

A

Right side Brachiocephalic vein obstruction–causing back-up into Jugular

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10
Q

What is the MOA of rasburicase and what is it used for?

A

Recombinant fricassee that catalyzes metabolism of uric acid to allantoin

Used for prevention and tx of tumor lysis syndrome–oncologic emergency that den develop from chemo causing rapid breakdown of cancer cells and high cell turnover

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11
Q

PE is associated with hypoxemia and ______ alkalosis.

A

Respiratory

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12
Q

What is the most important mediator of Giant cell (temporal) arteritis?

A

Production of IL-6 cytokine–cell mediated immunity

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13
Q

Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces–seen with eczematous dermatitis?

A

Spongiosis

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14
Q

Collects data from group of people to assess frequency of disease at a particular point in time–What is happening at that point in time?

A

Cross-sectional study

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15
Q

Phenylalanine is a derivative of what?

A 
tyrosine
Dopa
Dopamine
NE
Epi
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16
Q

Tryptophan is a derivative of what?

A

Niacin

Serotonin

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17
Q

Histidine is a derivative of what?

A

Histamine

18
Q

Glycine is a derivative of what?

A

Heme

19
Q

Glutamate is a derivative of what?

A

Glutamate

20
Q

Arginine is a derivative of what?

A

Creatine
Urea
NO

21
Q

What is essential in a pts diet who has homocystinuria and how does it present?

A

Cysteine

Commonly caused by cystathionine synthase deficiency which makes it cysteine is unable to be synthesized from homocysteine

Homocysteine builds up causing increased methionine
–prothrombotic causing premature thromboembolic events such as MI in young pt (like 12 y/o)

22
Q

Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by ________.

A

Duodenal enteropeptidase

–trypsin is essential for protein digestion and absorption

23
Q

Injury to the supraspinatus muscle results in pain during what type of motion?

A

Abduction of the arm

24
Q

What is the most reliable auscultatory finding indicating a high regurgitant volume and LV volume overload seen with mitral regurgitation?

A

Left sided S3 gallop

Holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing murmur”–loadest at apex and radiates toward axilla

25
Q

What nerve innervates the extensors of the hand?

A

Radial nerve

26
Q

What drug is used with pheochromocytoma to irreversibly inhibit a1 and a2?

A

Phenoxybenzamine–blocks action of NE

–reduces the arterial vasoconstriction caused by NE

27
Q

Med used for DM2 that increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue?

A

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones
-Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone

Binds to PPAR-g nuclear transcription regulator
–decreases insulin resistance

28
Q

What is the function of c-MYC?

A

Transcription factor —transcription activator controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis

8;14 translocation seen with Burkitt lymphoma

29
Q

What is the MOA of etanercept?

A

EtanerCEPT is a TNF decoy reCEPTor

30
Q

Treatment with EPO-stimulating agents put pts at increased risk of developing what?

A

HTN and thromboembolic events

31
Q

Intestinal atresia of the midgut–jejunum, ileum, proximal colon is due to ________ and presents with ______ and _____.

A

Vascular occlusion in utero

Bilious emesis
Abdominal distention

Associated with gastroschisis

32
Q

Early onset Familial Alzheimer disease is associated with __, ___, ___ and sporadic Alzheimer disease is associated with _____

A

APP, Presenilin-1, Presenilin-2

ApoE4

ApoE2–> associated with decreased risk sporadic form

33
Q

What is the 1st line tx for generalized anxiety disorder?

A

SSRIs–Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram

SNRIs– -lafaxine’s, duloxetine, -cipran’s

34
Q

The splenic artery which originates from the celiac artery becomes blocked, what artery is most vulnerable due to its lack of anastomoses?

A

Short gastric arteries

35
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

increased thickness of stratum corneum

36
Q

What is parakeratosis?

A

Hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum

—Hyperkeratosis is increased thickness of stratum corneum

37
Q

What is actinic keratosis and what are the pts who have it at increased risk of developing?

A

Premalignant lesions caused by sun exposure
–small, rough, erythematous or brownish papules or plaques

Risk of SCC–proportional to degree of epithelial dysplasia

38
Q

Male pt is on SSRI for depression but pissed because he has sexual dysfunction, what drug can be used so he’s not pissed?

A

Bupropion –increases NE and DA

39
Q

What is decreased and what is increased causing aging signs of epidermal atrophy with flattening of rete ridges?

A

Decreased collagen fibril production

Increased degradation of collagen and elastin in the dermis

40
Q

What type of reaction is involved in eosinophil killing of parasites?

A

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity –when bound to parasite enzymes from cytoplasmic granules destroy parasite

1 UWorld (23 decks)

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