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Psychology > Approaches in Psychology - Comparisons > Flashcards

Approaches in Psychology - Comparisons Flashcards

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1
Q

Behaviourist

Views on Development

A

The processes that underpin learning are continuous, occurring at any age.

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2
Q

Social Learning

Views on Development

A

The processes that underpin learning are continuous, occurring at any age.

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3
Q

Cognitive

Views on Development

A

Stage theories of child development, particularly the idea of concept formation (schema) as child gets older.

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4
Q

Biological

Views on Development

A

Genetically determined maturational changes influence behaviour, e.g. cognitive/intellectual development.

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5
Q

Psychodynamic

Views on Development

A

The most coherent theory of development, tying concepts and processes to age-related stages.

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6
Q

Humanistic

Views on Development

A

The development of the self is ongoing throughout life.

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7
Q

Behaviourist

Nature vs Nurture

A

Babies are ‘blank slates’ at birth. All behaviour comes about through learned associations and reinforcements.

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8
Q

Social Learning

Nature vs Nurture

A

Babies are ‘blank slates’ at birth. All behaviour comes about through learned associations and reinforcements, with additional processes of observation and imitation.

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9
Q

Cognitive

Nature vs Nurture

A

Recognises that many of our information-processing abilities are innate, but are constantly refined by experience.

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10
Q

Biological

Nature vs Nurture

A

‘Anatomy is destiny’: behaviour stems from the genetic blueprint we inherit from our parents.

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11
Q

Psychodynamic

Nature vs Nurture

A

Suggests that much of our behaviour is driven by biological drives and instincts, but also sees the child’s relationships with its parents as crucial.

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12
Q

Humanistic

Nature vs Nurture

A

Regards parents, friends and wider society as having a critical impact on the person’s self-concept.

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13
Q

Behaviourist

Reductionism

A

Reduces complex learning into stimulus-response units for ease of testing in a controlled lab environment.

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14
Q

Social Learning

Reductionism

A

Recognises how cognitive factors interact with the external environment.

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15
Q

Cognitive

Reductionism

A

Machine reductionism: use of the information-processing analogy and the fact that it ignores human emotion.

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16
Q

Biological

Reductionism

A

Reduces and explains human behaviour at the level of the gene or neuron.

17
Q

Psychodynamic

Reductionism

A

Reduces behaviour to the influence of biological drives and instincts, although also sees personality as a dynamic, holistic interaction.

18
Q

Humanistic

Reductionism

A

Anti-reductionist, based on holistic investigation of all aspects of the individual.

19
Q

Behaviourist

Determinism

A

All behaviour is environmentally determined by external forces that we cannot control.

20
Q

Social Learning

Determinism

A

We are influenced by our environment and also exert some influence upon it (reciprocal determinism).

21
Q

Cognitive

Determinism

A

Suggests we are the ‘choosers’ of our own behaviour, but only within the limits of what we know (soft determinism).

22
Q

Biological

Determinism

A

A form of genetic determinism, much of our behaviour is directed by innate influences.

23
Q

Psychodynamic

Determinism

A

Unconscious forces drive our behaviour (psychic determinism) and these are rationalised by our conscious minds.

24
Q

Humanistic

Determinism

A

Human beings have free will and are active agents who determine their own development.

25
Q

Behaviourist

Explanation and Treatment of Abnormal/Atypical Behaviour

A

Abnormality arises from maladaptive or faulty learning. Behavioural therapies take a symptom-based approach to the unlearning of behaviour.

26
Q

Social Learning

Explanation and Treatment of Abnormal/Atypical Behaviour

A

Principles such as modelling have been used to explain the development of aggressive behaviour.

27
Q

Cognitive

Explanation and Treatment of Abnormal/Atypical Behaviour

A

Led to cognitive therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of depression, which aims to eradicate faulty thinking.

28
Q

Biological

Explanation and Treatment of Abnormal/Atypical Behaviour

A

Psychoactive drugs that regulate chemical imbalances in the brain have revolutionised the treatment of mental disorders.

29
Q

Psychodynamic

Explanation and Treatment of Abnormal/Atypical Behaviour

A

Anxiety disorders emerge from unconscious conflicts and overuse of defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis aims to put people in touch with their unconscious thoughts.

30
Q

Humanistic

Explanation and Treatment of Abnormal/Atypical Behaviour

A

Humanistic therapy, or counselling, is based on the idea that reducing incongruence will stimulate personal growth.

Psychology (68 decks)

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