Approaches In Psychology(Behaviourist Approach)

Question 1

What are the assumptions of the behaviourist approach?

Answer 1

-Behaviour is a result of learning
-Reliance on experimental method
-Tabula Rasa

Question 2

What are the 2 types of conditioning?

Answer 2

Classical and operant

Question 3

What is a stimulus

Answer 3

Any change in environment that humans/animals notice

Question 4

What is a response

Answer 4

Any behaviour that human/animal emits as consequence of stimulus

Question 5

What is a reflex?

Answer 5

Consistent connection between a stimulus + response

Question 6

Who invented the classical conditioning approach

Answer 6

Pavlov- salivary reflex in dogs

Question 7

How does classical conditioning work?

Answer 7

UCS-UCR
NS-UCR
UCS+NS-UCR
CS-CR

Question 8

What are some important features for classical conditioning

Answer 8

-Timing
-Extinction
-spontaneous recovery
-stimulus generalisation

Question 9

What is Operant conditioning

Answer 9

Learn through reinforcement

Question 10

What are the 2 types of reinforcement

Answer 10

Positive and negative

Question 11

What features make reinforcement less/more likely to take place

Answer 11

-Schedules of reinforcement
-punishment

Question 12

What are strengths to the behaviourist approach

Answer 12

-Treating phobias-systemic desensitisation
-Very scientific
-supports nurture side of nature-nurture

Question 13

What are the limitations to the behaviourist approach?

Answer 13

-Animal studies to explain human behaviour
-Reductionist:ignores influence of nature
-Reliant on lab experiments-lacks ecological validity
-Ethical issues, animals

Question 14

What experiment is connected with operant conditioning

Answer 14

Skinner’s rat experiment