Approach to the Eye Complaint Flashcards
if xanthelasma is present on a patient’s eyelids, what should you check?
the cholesterol levels
what is proptosis?
bulging of the eyes
what is the diagnosis when the eye lids invert?
entropion
what is the diagnosis when the eye lids evert?
ectropion
what are the five causes of ptosis?
congenital, mechanical, dehiscence of the aponeurosis, neurologic, myogenic
How can you tell apart a chalzion and a hordeolum?
a chalzion is in the lid and a hordeolum is along the lash line
Which is typically painful, a chalazion or a hordeolum?
a hordeolum
what is blepharitis?
inflammation at the eyelid margin, resulting in eye irritation
what is the most common cause of blepharitis?
bacterial cause (s. aureus)
what inflammatory skin condition causes blepharitis?
seborrheic dermatitis
if a patient comes in with flakiness, redness, and irritation at the eyelid margin and they have a history of seborrheic dermatitis, what is the most likely diagnosis?
blepharitis
what is dacrostenosis?
a narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct
what is dacrocystitis?
infections of the lacrimal duct
an erythematous conjunctiva might suggest what?
a subconjunctival hemorrhage
purulence from the conjunctiva might suggest what?
“pink eye” conjunctivitis
what is a pterygium?
tissue growth on the conjunctiva
what are the three causes of conjunctivitis?
allergic, viral, and bacterial
which type of conjunctivitis is most severe and has a copious amount of purulent drainage throughout the entire day?
bacterial
what would you suspect if the cornea was a brown tint?
a hyphema- blood in the anterior chamber
what type of stain is used to identify corneal abrasions?
fluorescein
what is the leading cause of blindness worldwide?
herpes simplex keratitis
what is the whitish linear (lipid deposition) encircling the colored iris?
arcus senilis
what is the result of an acute angle closure glaucoma?
sudden increase in intraocular pressure
What is the classical presentation of an acute angle closure glaucoma?
acute, severe pain associated with decreased vision. the pupil will be fixed and dilated
what is a yellow sclerae referred to as?
icterus
what could be the cause of icterus?
liver disease, pancreatic cancer, GB disease
how do you name a tropia?
based on where it likes to live
what would you diagnose an eye turned in as?
esotropia
what would diagnose an eye turned out as?
exotropia
what do irregular “swollen” borders of the optic disc suggest?
papilledema
what does disc cupping suggest?
glaucoma
what does papilledema indicate?
increased intracranial pressure
what is smaller, arterioles or venules?
arterioles
if you see a patient with cotton wool spots, what should you suspect?
diabetes
what are drusen bodies associated with?
macular degeneration
what is an initial warning sign of retinal detachment?
posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) ( transient flashes of light)
what is the classical/ominous
a curtain over a portion of the visual field
