Applied Catholic Theology: Sin and Forgiveness

Question 1

Punishment

Answer 1

The consequences or penalty for someone who has committed a crime

Question 2

Sin

Answer 2

An act against God

Question 3

Forgiveness

Answer 3

The act of pardoning someone for offensives they cause you. Overlooking a persons faults

Question 4

Salvation

Answer 4

The beliefs that Jesus’s death and resurrection humanity has achieved through the possibility of eternal life

Question 5

Absolutism

Answer 5

The belief that there are certain actions that are always right or always wrong.

Question 6

Relativism

Answer 6

The belief that certain actions are right and wrong depending on the circumstances or situation

Question 7

Evangelisation

Answer 7

Spreading the “Good News” which can be translated as “Gospel.” Sharing the life of Jesus with others

Question 7

Eucharist

Answer 7

Meaning thanksgiving. The sarcaments in Roman Catholics remember the last supper

Question 8

What are differences between sins and laws

Answer 8

Laws can be made unlawful, when God defined sins it was not unlawful
Both change and adapt to their time period
Some things are laws but not sins and vice versa
Alot of the time sins are stricter than laws like adultery and pride

Question 9

What is the difference between absolute and relative morality reference Catholicism

Answer 9

Absolute morality would say that in all situations a certain moral law/ obligation applies. Alot of the magisteriums teachings include cases of absolute morality for example in the case of abortion.
Relative morality is the accommodation of the situation when taking into account the morals of a situation
An example of this would be when Peter Singer allows for euthanasia in circumstances of quality of life

Question 10

What are the 3 types of punishment and explain

Answer 10

Retribution- Making a criminal pay for their crime through punishments like the death penalty
Deterrence- A punishment that is so severe that it puts people off for doing that crime, large fines
Rehabilitation- Helping criminals reform so they won’t commit that crime again, education

Question 11

What WAS the Catholics teaching on the death penalty

Answer 11

For 2000 years the church has allowed the death penalty but not encouraged it
Evangelium Vitae said it should be avoided
Augustine said someone cannot be rehabilitated

Question 12

What is the Catholic teaching on the death penalty

Answer 12

In 2018, Pope Francis said that Capital punishment should be banned everywhere
Pope Francis says it is an attack on dignity

Question 13

Arguments in favor for capital punishment

Answer 13

Old Testament could promote it “an eye for an eye” retribution
Capital punishment is a detterant and protects society
Fair punishment

Question 14

What does Jesus teach on forgiveness in Gospel of Matthew (actual quotes)

Answer 14

“I tell you not seven times but seventy-seven times”
Our Father “Forgive us our trespasses”
Parable of the unmerciful servant
“Blessed are the merciful”

Question 14

Arguments against capital punishment

Answer 14

“Do not kill”
Sanctity of Life
Imago Dei
St. Augustine says we can’t reform a dead person
Does not reduce crime
“Say yes to life and no to death” Francis

Question 15

Other teachings on forgiveness from Jesus apart from Matthew Gospel

Answer 15

“Go and sin no more”
Prodigal Son
“Father forgive them” on the cross

Question 16

Should Catholics always forgive?

Answer 16

People will be judged by God at the end of time anyway
Punishment helps the person know what they did wrong

Question 17

Why is Jesus important for salvation

Answer 17

God became incarnate so he could rid the world of sin
Jesus gave good teachings of how we should live
Jesus death on the cross was a sacrafice
Jesus is the “lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world” and his death has cleansed us of all sin and have eternal life with God
Jesus resurrected from the dead showing that us as humans can also defeat death
40 days after his resurrection Jesus ascended into heaven which shows God’s omnipotence
God and human relationship is mended

Question 18

Why would a loving God send anyone to hell for and against

Answer 18

Humans have free will and by our own actions of rejecting God we send ourselves to hell
Why would a loving God allow evil to be unpunished
Evil does not deserve to be in heaven
Through our earthly lives we have chosen to be distant from God

If God is omnibenevolent he would not send us to hell
God is all forgiving
“Not seven times but seventy times seven”
People cannot reform in hell

Question 19

What are the 4 marks of the Catholic and where did they come from

Answer 19

Council of Nicene
1. One, The Church is the one true Church employed by Jesus
2. Holy, Through the sinless Jesus the Church is also Holy
3. Catholic, the Church is universal and anyone can join
4. Apostolic, due to apostolic succession this Church is the same that was established by the apostles

Question 20

How is Mary a model of the Church

Answer 20

Without Mary Jesus could not be born and we would not be saved
Mary is a perfect disciple of Jesus like we should be
Mary accepts God’s commands to her
Mary can intercede for Catholics when they pray to God
Mary is always there for Jesus

Question 21

How is the Church the Body of Christ

Answer 21

All Church members are united with Christ
Physical form of Jesus on earth today
St. Paul says this
The miracles of Jesus are carried on by us today
We become part of this body of Christ through baptism

Question 21

Name and explain 4 external features of a Church

Answer 21

The Church faces east as a reminder of where the Holy Land is and also that we will be resurrected that way
Churches are cross shape to show Jesus’ triumph over death
Churches are tall with domed ceilings showing a connection to God in heaven
Stained Glass windows show important events of history and allow us to focus on certain people

Question 21

Name and explain 4 internal feature of a Church

Answer 21

The altar is where the priest blesses the bread and wine in commemoration of the last supper and turns into the body and blood of Jesus
The lectern is where the Priest or reader reads from, this is where the Word of God is read from
The baptismal font is a stone bowl filled with water, we become Christian here and we have original sin removed
The tabernacle is a box where the Holy Host of Jesus is placed, we can do eucharisitc adoration here

Question 21

What are the sacraments of initiation

Answer 21

Baptism- washes original sin, Confirmation- gifts of Holy spirit, Eucharist- recieve the literal body and blood

Question 21

What are the sacraments of healing

Answer 21

Reconciliation, anointing of the sick do what Jesus did

Question 22

Importance of the Eucharist

Answer 22

“Do this in memory of me” last supper
Jesus sacrifice
Transubstantiation
Re enacts Jesus sacrifice
Jesus is the body of the Church

Question 22

What are the sacraments of service

Answer 22

Marriage and Holy Orders, Marriage binds 2 people to 1, allows the welcoming into priesthood

Question 23

How does the Church evangelise

Answer 23

Locally- Local Churches
Nationally- Bishops and leaders
Globally- The Church and the Pope

Question 24

What is Evangelium Gaudiium

Answer 24

Letter wrote by Francis meaning the joy of the Gospel and focuses on evangelising and helping the poor

Question 25

Why is evangelising in Britain harder

Answer 25

More diversity in faiths
Other faiths should be respected
New faiths like Islam that directly oppose Christians

Question 26

Is salvation only available to Catholics

Answer 26

Some fundamentalists have an exclusivity approach to Catholics due to heresies.
Usual Catholics would say you have to be Christian to go to heaven “No-one goes to the Father except through me”
People who have not heard of Christianity will go to heaven