Applied anatomy and physiology - Cardiovascular and respiratory systems Flashcards
What are the two circuits of the heart?
- pulmonary circuit
2. systemic circuit
What type of blood does the systemic circuit carry?
oxygenated blood to the body
What type of blood does the pulmonary circuit carry?
de-oxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the circulation of the pulmonary circuit?
Circulation of deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries and oxygenated blood to the heart though the pulmonary veins.
What is the circulation of the systemic circuit?
Circulation of oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta and deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the vena cava.
What side of the cardiovascular system carries oxygenated blood?
the left side (red)
What side of the cardiovascular system carries deoxygenated blood?
the right side (blue)
what prevents backflow of blood in the cardiovascular system?
AV valves and SV valeves
what does myogenic mean?
the ability of the heart to conduct its own electrical impulse which causes the heart to contract.
what are the five structures of the conduction system?
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of His
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibres
What does the SA node do?
Fires an impulse and tells the atria to contract
What does the AV node do?
Delays the electrical impulse for 0.1 seconds to allow the atria to finish contracting
What does the Bundle of His do?
Splits the electrical impulse into two for each ventricle
What do the Bundle branches do?
Sends the electrical impulse to the base of the ventricles
What does the purkinje fibres do?
Send the electrical impulse through the ventricle walls causing them to contract
what is a cardiac cycle?
A heart beat
What are the two phases of a cardiac cycle?
- diastole
2. systole
What is the diastole phase?
relaxation of heart where chambers fill with blood
What is the systolic phase?
contraction of the heart where blood is forcibly ejected
How does the cardiac cycle go?
- atrial diastole
- ventricular diastole
- atrial systole
- ventricular systole
Describe the diastole phase:
atria and ventricles relax theerfore low pressure in heart
blood passively moves from atria to ventricles
AV valves are open to allow blood to flow
SV valves are closed
Describe the systole phase:
atria contract forcing blood into ventricles
high pressure in heart
AV valves close
SA node fires faster
SV valves open up
Blood pushed out of heart to large arteries leading to the body
definition of heart rate:
number of times the heart beats in a minute
definition of stroke volume:
amount of blood ejected from left ventricle in one heart beat
definition of cardiac output
amount of blood ejected from left ventricle in one minute
What is HR, SV and Q at rest?
HR = 70bpm SV = 70ml Q = 5L
What is HR, SV and Q for trained person at rest?
HR = 50bpm SV = 100ml Q = 5L
What id bradycardia?
a resting heart rate under 60bpm
how to calculate max heart rate:
220-age = max HR
Karvonen’s principle:
220 - age = Max HR
Max HR - resting HR = HR reserve
(HR reserve x training %) + resting HR
What is venous return
The volume of blood returning back to the heart
What is HR, SV and Q for an untrained person at sub max exercise?
HR = 100bpm SV = 100ml Q = 10L
What is HR, SV and Q for an untrained person at max exercise?
HR = 220 - age SV = 100 Q = 20 L
What is HR, SV and Q for a trained person at sub max exercise?
HR = 100bpm SV = 200ml Q = 15L
What is HR, SV and Q for a trained person at max exercise?
HR = 220-age SV = 200ml Q = 30L
