APP 4 - Hypersensibilité Flashcards
Hypersensitivity
Injurious immune reactions
Hypersensitivity diseases
Diseases resulting from injurious immune reactions
True of False: person who mounts hypersensitive reaction has previously been sensitized to that antigen
True
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction (Immediate)
Immune reaction that occurs within minutes, mediated by sensitized mast cells
- Occurs in previously sensitized individuals
Synonyms of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
- Allergy
- Atopy
Atopie
Prédisposition génétique à développer des allergies
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Caused by antibodies directed against antigens on the surface of cells or other components
Causes of atopy
Genetic:
- high IgE levels in plasma
- high production of IL-4 by Th2
Examples of clinical situations with Ab-mediated cell destruction & phagocytosis in Type II hypersensitivity
- Transfusion reactions
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (IgG)
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis
- Drug reactions (where drug molecules attach to PM molecules on proteins)
Hemolytic disease of the newborn:
- mechanism?
- which type of hypersensitivity?
Mechanism: IgG from mother (Rh-) cross the placenta to attack foetus’ RBCs (Rh+), heading to anemia
Type II hypersensitivity (Ab-mediated cell destruction & phagocytosis)
Grave’s disease:
- mechanism?
- which type of hypersensitivity?
Mechanism: Ab bind to TSH receptor & overstimulate the receptors to produce thyroid hormones = hyperthyroidism
Type II hypersensitivity (Ab-mediated cellular dysfunction)
T or F:
In Type II hypersensitivity, the antigen can be endogenous or exogenous
True
Endogenous: auto-immune disease (ex: antigens on RBCs)
Exogenous: drug reactions, transfusions
Type III hypersensitivity: Immune complex-mediated reactions
Mediated by Antibody-antigen complexes that may deposit in blood vessels, leading to complement activation and acute inflammation
T or F
Immune complex disorders are usually systemic
True
although some organs tend to be affected more
What body parts are most frequently affected in immune complex disorders
Areas where immune complexes tend to deposit
- Kidney (glomerulonephritis)
- Joints (arthritis)
- Small blood vessels (vasculitis)
Prototype d’une hypersensibilité systémique médiée par des complexes immuns
Maladie sérique aigue
3 phases of systemic immune complex disease
- Immune complex formation
- Deposition of immune complex
- Inflammation and tissue injury
La maladie sérique aigue est provoquée par…
Administration systémique d’une large quantité de sérum étranger
La maladie sérique chronique est provoquée par…
Exposition répétée ou prolongée à un antigène
Exemple de maladie sérique chronique
Lupus erythémateux systémique (persistent antibody responses to self-antigens)
Hypersensibilité retardée: pourquoi y a-t-il un délai entre l’exposition subséquente à l’Ag et la réaction d’inflammation?
Délai = dû au temps nécessaire pour que les LT effecteurs atteignent le site de provocation antigénique & commencent leur sécrétion de cytokines