ApGovernmentchapter12Ayasha.Hussain Flashcards
501 (c) group
Groups that are exempted from reporting their contributions and can receive unlimited contributions. Section 501c of the tax code specifies that such groups cannot spend more than half their funds on political activities
527 Political Committees
Independent political groups that are not subject to contribution restrictions because they do not directly seek the election of particular candidates. Section 527 of the tax code specifies that contributions to such groups must be reported to the IRS
Barack Obama
Barack Obama is an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017
Bernie Sanders
Bernard Sanders is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007.
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)
Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as the McCain-Feingold Act
Campaign consultant
sells a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected
Campaign Manager
travels with the candidate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign
Citizens United v. FEC
corporations have a 1st Amendment right to expressly support political candidates for Congress and the White House
closed primary
A primary election in which voters must first declare to which party they belong
communications director
develops an overall media strategy for the candidate
contrast ad
states differences between candidates, with a bias to the person buying the ad PM
conventional political participation
relatively routine political behavior that uses institutional channels and is acceptable to the dominant culture
crossover voting
Participation in the primary of a party with which the voter is not affiliated
Donald J .Trump
Donald John Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States.
Elector
one qualified to vote in an election. 2 : one entitled to participate in an election: such as. a : any of the German princes entitled to take part in choosing the Holy Roman Emperor. b : a member of the electoral college in the U.S.
Electorate
An electorate is a body of people allowed to vote in an election. In the United States, when you turn eighteen,
Electorate college
The Electoral College is an indirect system for electing the United States president using Electoral College votes.
Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA )
A law passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission, provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.
Federal Election Commission (FEC)
A six-member bipartisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974. It administers and enforces campaign finance laws.
Finance Chair
The campaign professional who directs fundraising, campaign spending, and compliance with campaign-finance laws and reporting requirements
front loading
The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.
general election
voters decide which candidates will fill elective public offices
get-out-the-vote
GOTV push at the end of a campaign to encourage supporters to go to polls
Help America Vote Act (HAVA)
Passed in 2002, designed to create a more uniform voting system. Afforded states to shift from older voting machines to the touchscreens used in most states today.
Hillary R.Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker
Incumbency
Holding a political office for which one is running
Independent expenditures
The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups, and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. When an individual, group, or party does so, they are making an independent expenditure.
initiative
the ability to assess and initiate things independently.
inoculation ad
Coverage of a candidate’s campaign by the news media. Television advertising on behalf of a candidate that is broadcast in sixty ,thirty, or ten-second duration.
Mandate
Requirements that direct states and local governments to provide additional services under the threat of penalties or as a condition of the the receipt of federal grant money. For example the drinking age within states.
Matching funds
Matching funds are funds that are set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources. Matching fund payments usually arise in situations of charity or public good.
McCutcheon v. FEC
McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 572 U.S. 185, is a landmark campaign finance decision of the United States Supreme Court.
mid-term election
Election in the United States in which members of the united states congress and some legislatures and governors are elected.
Negative ad
Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent’s platform or character
open primary
A primary election in which voters must first declare to which party they belong
poltical action committe (PAC)
An organization that raises money privately and employs lobbyists to influence legislation.
Pollster
a person who conducts or analyzes opinion polls.
Positive Ad
Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate’s qualifications, family, and issue positions, without reference to the opponent
Presidential coattails
these occur when voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president’s party because they support the president.
press secretary
The White House Press Secretary is a senior White House official whose primary responsibility is to act as spokesperson for the executive branch of the United States government administration, especially with regard to the President, senior executives, and policies
Primary elcetion
A preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen.
prospective judgment
a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power.
public funds
The term public fund also covers the revenue or money of a government, state, or municipal corporation.
reapportionment
The act of reapportioning or the state of being reapportioned.
recall
A recall election is a procedure by which, in certain polities, voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official’s term has ended.
referendum
A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a dialect decision.
retrospective judgment
a voter’s evaluation of the performance of the party in power
runoff primary
a second primary election held in some states to decide which of the two highest candidates for an office in the first primary will be awarded the party nomination.
super PAC
Technically known as independent expenditure-only committees, super PACs may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, associations and individuals, then spend unlimited sums to overtly advocate for or against political candidates.
turnout
the proportion of the voting age public that votes, sometimes defined as the number of registered voters that vote.
Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and served as president from 1801 to 1809, between John Adams and James Madison.
unconventional political participation
Relatively uncommon political behavior that challenges or defies established institutions and dominant norms
voter canvass
That part of a political campaign aimed at winning a general election. voter canvass. The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door to door solicitation or by telephone.
