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APGOVSUM18 Ayasha Hussain > APGovchapter3Ayasha.Hussain > Flashcards

APGovchapter3Ayasha.Hussain Flashcards

1
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

sixteenth president of the united States, the first elected Republican president, who served from 1861 -1865.

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2
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

the seventeenth president of the United states, a republican, who served from 1865 to 1869. Johnson had served as Abraham Lincoln vice president after lincoln’s assassination.

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3
Q

Barack Obama

A

The first African American president of the united states, a Democrat, Who served as forty-fourth president from 2009-2017.

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4
Q

Barron v. Batlimore (1833)

A

Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.

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5
Q

Bill of attainder

A

a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial, A law that declares a person, without trial, to be guilty of a crime. The state legislatures and Congress are forbidden to pass such acts, Article 1, Sections 9 and 10, of the Constitution.

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6
Q

Block grant

A

A payment that the federal government distributes to a state or local government and for which the recipient determines the specific use., Federal grants are given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services.

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7
Q

Calvin Coolidge

A

Thirtieth president of the United States, a Republican, who served from 1923 to 1929.

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8
Q

Categorical grants

A

intergovernmental grants with specific instructions to state and local officials on how the money could be spent

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9
Q

Civil War

A

The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United States between the northern forces of the union and the Southern forces of the Confederacy.

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10
Q

Charter

A

a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges.

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11
Q

Concurrent powers

A

are powers in nations with a federal system of government that are shared by both the State and the federal government.

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12
Q

Confederate States of America

A

A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States

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13
Q

Confederation

A

a form of government in which sovereignty is wholly on the hands of the states and local governments, so the national government is dependent in their will

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14
Q

cooperative Federalism

A

Cooperation among federal, state, &local govts; “marble cake” federalism

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15
Q

Counties

A

The basic administrative units of local governments

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16
Q

Democracy

A

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

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17
Q

Dillons rule

A

the stipulation that the terms of a municipal charter be narrowly interpreted. Reversed by home rule charters, to some extent

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18
Q

Dred Scott v. Sandford ( 1857)

A

1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitional

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19
Q

dual federalism

A

an interpretation of the Constitution which holds that states are as supreme within their sphere of power as is the federal government within its sphere of power

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20
Q

Enumerated powers

A

17 powers explicitly given to Congress in the Constitution

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21
Q

Ex post facto law

A

A law which punishes people for a crime that was not a crime when it was committed. Congress cannot pass these laws.

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22
Q

Extradition Clause

A

the procedure by which a state or nation, upon receipt of a formal request by another state or nation, turns over to that second jurisdiction an individual charged with or convicted of a crime in that jurisdiction.

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23
Q

Federal system

A

System of government in which powers are divided between the national government and state or local governments.

24
Q

Franklin D Roosevelt (FDR)

A

often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United States. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945The system and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms of office. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war.

25
Q

Full faith and credit clause

A

A clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

26
Q

Gibbons V. Ogden (1824)

A

A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.

27
Q

Great society

A

President Lyndon Johnson’s broad array of programs designed to redress political, social, and economic inequality

28
Q

Herbert Hoover

A

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

29
Q

implied power

A

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution. The Constitution states that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I.

30
Q

Interstate Compacts

A

An agreement among two or more states. The Constitution requires that most such agreements be approved by Congress.

31
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

A powerful alliance of Indian tribes that was the only one to remain neutral during the French and Indian War (Seven years’ war). The tribe had previously been subject of a peace treaty with the British and were noted as one of three powers of North America. After the Seven Years’ War the alliance with the Iroquois and the British diminished and they began contesting each other for power over the Ohio Valey.

32
Q

John C. Calhoun

A

Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states’ rights, limited government, and nullification.

33
Q

John Marshall

A

created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court

34
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A

Became president after Kennedy’s assassination and reelected in 1964; Democrat; signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law, promoted his “Great Society” plan, part of which included the “war on poverty”, Medicare and Medicaid established; Vietnam: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, Tet Offensive

35
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

A

Situation: Maryland wanted to tax bank notes, which could destroy a branch of the national bank Constitutional Issue
Finding of the Court: The state must follow the federal government, and the state cannot tax a national bank Impact of the Decision: Enlarges federal power (at the expense of the states)

36
Q

Monarchy

A

a form of government with a monarch at the head.

37
Q

municipalities

A

a city or town that has corporate status and local government.

38
Q

New deal

A

program of “Relief, Recovery, and Reform” begun by FDR in 1933 to bring the US out of the Great Depression

39
Q

New Federalism

A

an attempt in the 70’s and 80’s to restore some powers to the states from the Government.

40
Q

nullification

A

This ordinance declared by the power of the State that the federal Tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void.

41
Q

Oligarchy

A

a political system governed by a few people

42
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

A constitutional clause which is designed to prevent states from discriminating against out of state citizens on matters of fundamental or essential rights and activities

43
Q

programmatic requests

A

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district

44
Q

Progressive federalism

A

a pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national and state governments as both coercive and cooperative

45
Q

Reconstruction

A

The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union

46
Q

reserved powers

A

powers reserved to the states by the 10th Amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

47
Q

Roger B. Taney

A

Was appointed by Andrew Jackson

He was a Jacksonian Democrat which means that he thought state govt had more power then fed govt.

48
Q

Ronald Regan

A

the president of the US at the end of the cold war who encouraged Americans to mistrust communists, became president after Jimmy Carter and was once a former actor and governor of California

49
Q

Secession

A

The formal withdraw of the Southern States from the Union

50
Q

Seventeenth Amendment

A

Accused person of the right to have a trial by jury in civil cases, Designated courts can review ca

51
Q

sixteenth Amendment

A

Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes

52
Q

special district

A

Unit of local government created to perform specific functions. E.g., soil and water conservation districts work to prevent soil erosion and preserve water resources.

53
Q

tenth amendment

A

Powers Reserved to the States

54
Q

totalitarianism

A

government that takes control, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life

55
Q

Unitary system

A

A unitary system of government, or unitary state, is a sovereign state governed as a single entity. The central government is supreme, and the administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government has delegated to them

APGOVSUM18 Ayasha Hussain (17 decks)

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