ApGovChapter6AyashaHussain Flashcards
Apportionment
The process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population, following the decennial census.
Sentence : The system of apportionment and the franchise qualifications were worked out to meet the needs of a group of agricultural communities.
bicameral legislature
A legislative assembly composed of two separate houses, such as the U.S. Congress, which consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
Sentence: The adoption of a bicameral system made it possible to give due recognition to both principles.
bill
applies to entire nation
Sentence : All the bills are passed by the congress
Cloture
mechanism requiring the vote of 60 senators to cut off debate. once passed, members may spend 30 additional hours debating the legislation at issue
Sentence : The cloture get to decide what bill pasees and what didnt .
Committee of the whole
A device used in the House of Representatives to expedite the passage of legislation. The quorum is reduced from 218 members to 100, and the Speaker appoints a member of the majority party as chair. Time allotted for debating the bill in question is split equally between its proponents and opponents.
Sentence: the committee of the whole allows the bill to pass that they think will benefit the committee.
conference committee
a special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by house and Senate
Sentence: The conference committee gets together and decides wheater the rule passed as right or wrong.
Congressional Budget Act of 1974
an act that established the congressional budgetary process by laying out a plan for congressional action on the annual budget resolution, appropriations, reconciliation, and any other revenue bills
Sentence: The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 was an act to control the budget.
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
Created in 1974 to advise Congress on the economic effects of spending programs and to provide information on the cost of proposed policies.
sentence: The CBO sends money to the programs in need.
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
Created in 1914 to respond to congressional requests for information. It also keeps track of every major bill and produces summaries of legislation for members of Congress.
sentence: The CRS is the service that tracks every major rule
Congressional review
the process whereby Congress can nullify agency regulations by a joint resolution of legislative disapproval
sentence: The congressional review is a meeting to review stuff related to the Congress
delegate
the role played by an elected representative who votes the way his or her constituents would want regardless of personal opinions
Sentence: Someone in the Congress would be a delegate
discharge petition
petition gives a majority of the house of reps the authority to bring an issue to the floor in the face of committee inaction
Sentence: A discharge petition would be to the house of representatives.
divided government
political condition in which different political parties control the presidency and Congress
Sentence: Congress would be the divided government.
Edmund Burke
A conservative leader who was deeply troubled by the aroused spirit of reform. In 1790, he published Reforms on The Revolution in France
Sentence: The single greatest critic of the British Empire, Edmund Burke, was an archconservative who saw imperialism as an essentially radical project.
Filibuster
formal way of halting Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate
Sentence: A filibuster at the end of the 65th Congress caused the Senate to adjourn without confirming the appointment, but the President made him a “ recess “ appointee.
gerrymandering
drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district
Sentence: By limiting the redesign of districts, state officials hope to prevent efforts to gerrymander.
Governmental Accountability Office (GAO)
helps Congress perform its oversight functions by reviewing activities of the executive branch to see if it’s following congressional intent of laws and efficiency and effectiveness of policy implementation. also sets government standards for accounting, provides legal opinions, and settles claims against gov.
Sentence: The GOA sets government standards for accounting, provides legal opinions and etc.
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is an American politician, diplomat, and lawyer. She served as the 67th United States Secretary of State. A former U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, before that she was the First Lady of the United States.
Sentence: Hillary Clinton is an American politician.
hold
procedure by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor
Sentence : The senate holds the right to pass the bill .
House Committee on Rules
reviews most bills after they come from a committee and before they go to the full chamber for consideration
Sentence: The house committee on rules reviews bills from the committee.
Sentence: House committe on rules reviews bills after they come from the congress
impeachmnet
already holding office
Sentence: A person in Congress would be an impeachment
incumbency
the holding of an office or the period during which one is held.
Sentence: Hundreds of new jobs were created during her incumbency.
joint committee
a standing committee that includes members from both houses of Congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies
Sentence: the Joint Committee on the Library.
logrolling
vote trading; voting to support a colleague’s bill in return for a promise of future support
Sentence: Logrolling can provide a solution to the so-called Paradox of voting.
majority leader
the head of the majority party in a legislative body, especially the US Senate or House of Representatives.
Sentence : the House Majority Leader’s duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House
majority party
A major party is a political party that holds substantial influence in a country’s politics, standing in contrast to a minor party.
Sentence: The current leaders are Republican Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky and Democratic Minority Leader Chuck Schumer of New York.
markup
the process by which a U.S. congressional committee or state legislative session debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation.
Sentence: session in which a committee member offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor
minority leader
The legislative leader elected by the party members building a majority of seats in the House of Representatives. The minority leader determines how his or her party will react to the majority party’s programs.
Sentence: Chuck Schumer is the minority leader
minority party
the political party in each house of Congress with the 2nd most members
Sentence: A minor party is a political party that plays a smaller role than a major party in a country’s politics and elections.
party caucus (or conference )
Members of each major party in the United States Congress meet regularly in closed sessions known as party conferences (Republicans) or party caucuses (Democrats).
Sentence: The party caucus is members of each major party in the United States.
Pocket veto
veto taking place when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it.
Sentence: The President used the pocket veto to kill the crime bill.
politico
elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue
sentence: a politico who will do anything to win an election
pork
legislation that allows reps to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs
sentence : Many refuse to accept Federal pork dollars devoted to convincing you to convert to other crops.
president pro tempore
official chair of the senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party
Sentence: president pro tempore of the provincial congress
programmatic requests
federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district
Sentence: The programmatic requests are policy groups and lobbyist
reconciliation
procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to 20 hours, thereby ending a threat of a filibuster
Sentence: it was he who effected a reconciliation between the king and the dauphin after the revolt of the latter.
redistricting
process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states, as well as population shifts within a state
Sentence : The controlling motive for redistricting was obvious: the manufacture of more “elective” patronage.
Richard M. Nixon
US President; He promised peace with honor in Vietnam which means withdrawing American soldiers from South Vietnam; forced to resign after Watergate scandal; tapes revealed he was involved
Sentence : Richard M. Nixon was a US president he promised paeace in vietnam.
select (or special) committee
temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose
Sentence : She is a member of the Commons Select Committee on education.
senatorial courtesy
An unwritten traditions whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial posts are not confirmed if they are opposed by a senator from the state in which the nominee will serve. The tradition also applies to courts of appeal when there is opposition from the nominee’s state senator.
Sentence: The truth is, that on this occasion, had senatorial courtesy been on the job, it would have worked for a final vote.
seniority
The system under which committee chairs are awarded to members who have the longest continuous service on the committee
Sentence: An additional week of vacation will be given to workers with over 30 years of seniority.
Speaker of the house
An office mandated by the Constitution. The Speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant.
Sentence: The speaker of the house is suggesting that he wants to see all of this move in regular order.
standing committee
temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose
Sentence: The spending was approved at a meeting on July 5 of the Government standing committee on civil protection in the event of disasters.
trustee
role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents’ opinions and then uses his or her best judgment to make a final decision
Sentence: The trustee must act as a neutral third party as between the debtors and creditors.
unified government
political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and congress
Sentence: Creating unified government databases of citizen records increases the risk of ID theft.
veto
constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it. A two-thirds vote in each house can override it.
Sentence: The President has threatened to veto the bill if the desired add-ons are not included.
war powers resolution
a law passed in 1973 in reaction to American fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia that requires presidents to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension.
Sentence: A ear power reslotion was a law passed in 1973.
whip
party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, takes vote counts on key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within a party
Sentence: He is now a senior whip and is ranked seven places above the finance spokesperson.
