APGovchapter2Ayasha.Hussain Flashcards

1
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation’s financial system, the Federalist Party.

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2
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Individuals who opposed ratification of the Constitution

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3
Q

Article 1 (The legislature branch)

A

The U.S. Congress makes the laws for the United States. Congress has two parts, called “Houses,” the House of Representatives and the Senate.

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4
Q

Article 2: Executive Branch

A

The President, Vice-President, Cabinet, and Departments under the Cabinet Secretaries carry out the laws made by Congress.

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5
Q

Article 3: Judicial Branch

A

The Supreme Court decides court cases according to US Constitution. The courts under the Supreme Court decide criminal and civil court cases according to the correct federal, state, and local laws.

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6
Q

Article 4: States’ powers

A

States have the power to make and carry out their own laws.

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7
Q

Article 5: Amendments

A

The Constitution can be changed. New amendments can be added to the US Constitution.

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8
Q

Article 6: Federal powers

A

The Constitution and federal laws are higher than state and local laws. All laws must agree with the US Constitution.

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9
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

The first United States Constitution. Did not set up federal government or grant power to regulate taxation or commerce.

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10
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

Benjamin Franklin helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

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11
Q

Bill of rights

A

A statement of fundamental rights and privileges especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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12
Q

Checks and Balances

A

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

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13
Q

Common Sense

A

Written by Thomas Paine. An argument for the independent United States.

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14
Q

Constitution

A

The government of the United States. A set of principles (guidelines) that describe the duties and powers of the government.

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15
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

A meeting of 55 delegates from 12 colonies in Philadelphia in 1787 who created the U.S. Constitution.

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16
Q

Crispus Attucks

A

First colonist to be killed during the Boston massacre

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17
Q

Critical Period

A

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18
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence. Link to: Locke’s natural rights.

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19
Q

Electoral College

A

a body of individuals which elect the President and Vice President of the United States. The Constitution created this body, which consists of gatherings of state electors in each state to formally cast their ballots for a candidate for whom they have pledged to vote.

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20
Q

Enumerated Powers

A

specific powers granted to congress under Article I, section 8, of the constitution; these powers include taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and the authority to provide for a national defense.

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21
Q

Federalism

A

a system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government

22
Q

Federalists

A

supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government

23
Q

The federalist’s papers

A

Essays published in New York newspapers over course of 2 years (1787-1788)

24
Q

First Continental Congress

A

September 1774 - delegates from 12 colonies met for 1st congress - each colony should form a militia - agreed to meet again in May 1775

25
Q

French and Indian War

A

A war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley– English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.

26
Q

Full faith and credit clause

A

A clause in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

27
Q

George Washington

A

Widely considered the “Father of the Nation,” he was the commander of the revolutionary armies; served as the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention;and as the United States’ first president from 1789 to 1797

28
Q

Great Compromise

A

The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and powers divided between the two houses; also made national law supreme.

29
Q

Implied Powers

A

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

30
Q

Inherent Powers

A

Powers that belong to the president because they can be inferred from the Constitution.

31
Q

James Madison

A

key Framer often called the “Father of the Constitution” for his role in conceptualizing the federal government. Co-authored “The Federalist Papers”; served as secretary of state; served as the fourth U.S. president from 1809 to 1817

32
Q

John Jay

A

A member of the Founding generation who was the first Chief of Justice of the United States. A diplomat and co-author of “The Federalist Papers”

33
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

The first sites of armed conflict between revolutionaries and British soldiers remembered for the “shot heard round the world” in 1775.

34
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

35
Q

Montesquieu

A

The French baron and political theorist who first articulated the concept of separation of powers with checks and balances.

36
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

The final paragraph of Article I , section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the Constitution; also called the elastic clause.

37
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states; it called for a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a Congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court appointed for life.

38
Q

New World

A

The western hemisphere of earth, also called the Americas, which was unknown to Europeans before 1492.

39
Q

Political culture

A

Commonly shared attitudes, behaviors, and core values about how a government should operate.

40
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Cousin of President John Adams and an early lead against the British and loyalist oppressors; he played a key role in developing the Committees of Correspondence and was active in Massachusetts and colonial politics

41
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Meeting that convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, at which it was decided that an army should be raised and George Washington of Virginia was named commander in chief.

42
Q

Separation of powers

A

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution.

43
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

A rebellion in which an army of 1.500 disgruntled and angry farmers led by Daniel Shay marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcibly restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms.

44
Q

social contract theory

A

The belief that governments exist based on the consent of the governed.

45
Q

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

A

Loosely organized groups of patriotic American colonists who were early revolutionaries.

46
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

A gathering of nine colonial representatives in 1765 in New York City where a detailed list of Crown violations was drafted; the first official step toward creating a unified nation.

47
Q

Supremacy clause

A

portion of Article VI of the Constitution mandating that national law is supreme over (that is, supersedes) all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government

48
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United Sates from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic Republican Party created to oppose Federalists

49
Q

Thomas Paine

A

The influential writer of Common Sense, a pamphlet that advocated for independence from Great Britain.

50
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that three-fifths of the total slave population of each state was to be for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S House of Representatives

51
Q

Virginia Plan

A

A proposed framework for the Constitution favoring large states. It called for a bicameral legislature, which would appoint executive and judicial officers.