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Anatomy > APE 8: Anatomy of the Endocrine System > Flashcards

APE 8: Anatomy of the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pituitary fossa also known as?

A

Sella turcica (Turkish saddle)

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2
Q

Where is the sella turcica found?

A

In the sphenoid bone behind the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellae

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3
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

The optic nerve and opthalmic artery

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4
Q

What does the sphenoid bone extend into?

A

The orbit, temporal region and infra-temporal region

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5
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

In the sella turcica

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6
Q

Which two arteries make up the Circle of Willis?

A

Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery

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7
Q

What lies at the centre of the Circle of Willis?

A

The pituitary stalk

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8
Q

What is the diaphragma sellae?

A

The dura which forms a roof of the fossa

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9
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

The side walls

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10
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, mandible and the midline of the neck

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11
Q

Which bone is found in the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Hyoid bone

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12
Q

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

A

It isn’t attached to any other bone

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13
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior part of the neck

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14
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles- name them?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid

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15
Q

Where are each of the infrahyoid muscles found?

A

Sternohyoid- next to the sternum on the left hand side
Sternothyroid- below the thyroid gland
Thyrohyoid- next to the thyroid gland on the right hand side of sternum
Omohyoid- superior belly= further to the left and goes down to form the inferior belly

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16
Q

What is deep to the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The thyroid gland

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17
Q

What are the three parts of the thyroid gland?

A

The right and left lobes and the isthmus

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18
Q

What is the position of the thyroid gland with respect to the larynx?

A

The thyroid gland is inferior to the larynx

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19
Q

Which cartilage is the thyroid attached to on the larynx?

A

The thyroid cartilage

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20
Q

What does the thyroid do on swallowing and what is this important in?

A

Will rise on swallowing

Important in the differential diagnosis of a swelling in the neck

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21
Q

Where is the carotid sheath found?

A

Immediately postero-lateral to the thyroid gland and the larynx

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22
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A

Vagus nerve, internal jugular vein and common carotid artery

23
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery originate?

A

The subclavian artery

24
Q

What runs superiorly in the groove between the trachea and the oesophagus?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

25
Q

What is the consequence of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery?

A

Hoarse like voice due to damaged vocal cords

26
Q

Where does the superior thyroid artery originate?

A

The external carotid

27
Q

Which veins are found in the thyroid?

A

Superior and middle thyroid veins

28
Q

What do the different thyroid veins drain into?

A

Superior and middle= internal jugular vein

Inferior= brachiocephalic veins

29
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

30
Q

When and where can the parathyroid glands be indentified?

A

When they’re enlarged they can be identified in the posterior aspect of the thyroid lobes

31
Q

What is a ‘goitre’

A

Pathological swelling of thyroid which doesn’t move when you swallow or when you stick your tongue out

32
Q

What can happen as a result of an enlarged thyroid gland?

A

It can extend retrosternally and compress the trachea

33
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Trapezius, clavicle and sternocleidomastoid

34
Q

Which nerve crosses the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Accessory nerve

35
Q

Which vertebral muscles form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Splenius captis, levator scapulae and scalenes

36
Q

Which muscle crosses the triangle inferiorly?

A

The omohyoid muscle

37
Q

Which part of the brachial plexus cross the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

The trunks

38
Q

What is the position of the subclavian artery relative to the scalenes muscle?

A

The subclavian artery emerges between the anterior and middle scalenes muscle. Becomes the axillary artery as it crosses the 1st rib
Posterior to the anterior scalenes

39
Q

What is the position of the subclavian vein relative to the scalenes muscle?

A

Anterior to the scalenes muscle

40
Q

Where are the adrenal glands found?

A

Superior to kidneys and posterior to abdominal wall

41
Q

Which artery supplies the adrenal gland?

A

The superior, middle and inferior adrenal artery

42
Q

Where does the superior and middle adrenal artery arise from?

A

The aorta and/or inferior phrenic arteries

43
Q

Where does the inferior adrenal artery arise from?

A

The renal artery

44
Q

What is the venous drainage of the adrenal gland?

A

A single adrenal vein on each side

45
Q

Where do the right and left adrenal vein drain into?

A 
Right= inferior vena cava
Left= renal vein
46
Q

Where is the pancreas found?

A

In the posterior part of the abdomen

47
Q

Where is the abdominal aorta found?

A

Approximately in the midline of the posterior abdominal wall, as it emerges from the diaphragm

48
Q

What is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

The ceoliac trunk

49
Q

Which vertebral level does the coeliac trunk arise?

A

T12

50
Q

What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

The common hepatic artery and the splenic artery

51
Q

Which artery supplies the pancreas?

A

Splenic artery

52
Q

What does the head of the pancreas wrap around and what does it contain and at which vertebral level?

A

A large vascular bundle containing the superior mesentric artery and vein, L1

53
Q

At which vertebral level is the inferior mesentric artery found?

A

L3

Anatomy (9 decks)

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