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Anatomy > APE 4: Gross Structure and Function of the Muscular System > Flashcards

APE 4: Gross Structure and Function of the Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of muscle?

A
  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
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2
Q

Which muscles are involuntary?

A

Cardiac and Smooth

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3
Q

Which muscle is voluntary?

A

Skeletal

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4
Q

Give two examples of a unipennate muscle

A

Tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

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5
Q

Give an example of a bipennate muscle

A

Rectus femorus

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6
Q

Give an example of a multipennate muscle

A

Deltoid

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7
Q

Give two examples of a quadrate muscle

A

Rhomboid muscles and quadratus femoris

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8
Q

Give an example of a strap/parallel muscle

A

Sartorius

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9
Q

Give an example of a fusiform muscle

A

Biceps brachii

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10
Q

Give an example of a circular muscle

A

Obicularis oris

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11
Q

Give an example of a convergent muscle

A

Pectoralis major

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12
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

The proximal end of the muscle that remains fixed during muscular contraction

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13
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The distal end of a muscle that is movable

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14
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

The tendons of some muscles that can be strecthed out into a sheet

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15
Q

Give an example of aponeurosis

A

The lateral abdominal muscles

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16
Q

What is the agonist?

A

The main muscle producing a specific movement

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17
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist

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18
Q

What does a fixator do?

A

It steadies the proximal part of the limb when a more distal part is being moved

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19
Q

What does a synergist do?

A

It complements the action of the agonist

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20
Q

Which major muscles cause flexion of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas group and quadriceps femoris group

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21
Q

Which major muscles cause extension of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings group

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22
Q

Which major muscles cause adduction of the hip?

A

Adducter muscles

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23
Q

Which major muscles cause abduction of the hip?

A

Abducter muscles

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24
Q

What causes flexion and medial rotation of the shoulder?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid muscle

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25
Q

What causes extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder?

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid muscle

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26
Q

What causes adduction of the shoulder?

A

Teres major muscle

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27
Q

What causes abduction of the shoulder?

A

Deltoid muscle

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28
Q

Which nerve supplies the biceps brachii muscle?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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29
Q

Which nerve supplies the biceps femorii muscle?

A

Long head= tibial nerve

Short head= common fibular nerve

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30
Q

Which nerve supplies the triceps brachii muscle?

A

Radial nerve

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31
Q

Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris muscle?

A

Femoral nerve

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32
Q

What is the insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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33
Q

What is the relationship of the quadriceps femoris muscle to the patella?

A

It distally attaches to the patella via the patella tendon

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34
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid

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35
Q

What are the two compartments of the upper arm?

A

Anterior and posterior

36
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis

37
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

38
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Muscular branches of the brachial artery

39
Q

What is the main action of the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Flexion of the arm and shoulder

40
Q

Which muscle is in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Triceps brachii

41
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Radial nerve

42
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Profunda brachii artery

43
Q

What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Extension of the arm

44
Q

What are the two compartments of the forearm?

A

Anterior and posterior

45
Q

What are the three compartments in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial, intermediate and deep

46
Q

What muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres

47
Q

Which two nerves supply the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median and ulnar nerve

48
Q

What is the main action of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexion of the wrist

49
Q

Which muscle is found in the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

50
Q

Which nerve innervates the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median nerve

51
Q

What is the main action of the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexion of the finger joints and the wrist

52
Q

Which muscles are found in the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus

53
Q

Which nerves innervates the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Ulnar nerve= medial half

Median nerve=lateral half

54
Q

What is the main action of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexion of finger joints and pronation of forearm

55
Q

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, medial and posterior

56
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

57
Q

What is the main action of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extension of the leg

58
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris

59
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral artery

60
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

61
Q

What is the main action of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adduction

62
Q

Which artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator artery

63
Q

What muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor muscles, obturator externus and gracilis

64
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Both branches of the sciatic nerve- tibial and common femoral

65
Q

What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Hamstring muscles including biceps femoris

66
Q

Which arteries supply the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Branches of the inferior gluteal and profunda femoris artery

67
Q

What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extension of thigh and flexion of leg

68
Q

What are the three compartments of the leg?

A

Anterior, lateral and posterior

69
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius

70
Q

What are the main actions of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion

71
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

72
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

73
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis

74
Q

What is the main action of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Eversion

75
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

76
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Branches of the common fibular (peroneal) artery

77
Q

What are the two compartments of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial and deep

78
Q

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus

79
Q

Which nerve innervates the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

80
Q

What is the main action of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Plantarflexion

81
Q

Which artery supplies the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

82
Q

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

83
Q

Which nerve innervates the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

84
Q

What is the main action of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Many actions- flexion of digits, plantarflexion and inversion, lateral rotation

85
Q

Which artery supplies the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

Anatomy (9 decks)

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