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Anatomy > APE 4: Gross Structure and Function of the Muscular System > Flashcards

APE 4: Gross Structure and Function of the Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of muscle?

A
  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
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2
Q

Which muscles are involuntary?

A

Cardiac and Smooth

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3
Q

Which muscle is voluntary?

A

Skeletal

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4
Q

Give two examples of a unipennate muscle

A

Tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus

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5
Q

Give an example of a bipennate muscle

A

Rectus femorus

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6
Q

Give an example of a multipennate muscle

A

Deltoid

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7
Q

Give two examples of a quadrate muscle

A

Rhomboid muscles and quadratus femoris

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8
Q

Give an example of a strap/parallel muscle

A

Sartorius

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9
Q

Give an example of a fusiform muscle

A

Biceps brachii

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10
Q

Give an example of a circular muscle

A

Obicularis oris

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11
Q

Give an example of a convergent muscle

A

Pectoralis major

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12
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

The proximal end of the muscle that remains fixed during muscular contraction

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13
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The distal end of a muscle that is movable

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14
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

The tendons of some muscles that can be strecthed out into a sheet

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15
Q

Give an example of aponeurosis

A

The lateral abdominal muscles

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16
Q

What is the agonist?

A

The main muscle producing a specific movement

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17
Q

What is the antagonist?

A

The muscle that opposes the action of the agonist

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18
Q

What does a fixator do?

A

It steadies the proximal part of the limb when a more distal part is being moved

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19
Q

What does a synergist do?

A

It complements the action of the agonist

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20
Q

Which major muscles cause flexion of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas group and quadriceps femoris group

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21
Q

Which major muscles cause extension of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus and hamstrings group

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22
Q

Which major muscles cause adduction of the hip?

A

Adducter muscles

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23
Q

Which major muscles cause abduction of the hip?

A

Abducter muscles

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24
Q

What causes flexion and medial rotation of the shoulder?

A

Anterior fibres of deltoid muscle

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25
What causes extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder?
Posterior fibres of deltoid muscle
26
What causes adduction of the shoulder?
Teres major muscle
27
What causes abduction of the shoulder?
Deltoid muscle
28
Which nerve supplies the biceps brachii muscle?
Musculocutaneous nerve
29
Which nerve supplies the biceps femorii muscle?
Long head= tibial nerve | Short head= common fibular nerve
30
Which nerve supplies the triceps brachii muscle?
Radial nerve
31
Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris muscle?
Femoral nerve
32
What is the insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle?
Tibial tuberosity
33
What is the relationship of the quadriceps femoris muscle to the patella?
It distally attaches to the patella via the patella tendon
34
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid
35
What are the two compartments of the upper arm?
Anterior and posterior
36
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis
37
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
38
Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Muscular branches of the brachial artery
39
What is the main action of the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Flexion of the arm and shoulder
40
Which muscle is in the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Triceps brachii
41
Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Radial nerve
42
Which artery supplies the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Profunda brachii artery
43
What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Extension of the arm
44
What are the two compartments of the forearm?
Anterior and posterior
45
What are the three compartments in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Superficial, intermediate and deep
46
What muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres
47
Which two nerves supply the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Median and ulnar nerve
48
What is the main action of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexion of the wrist
49
Which muscle is found in the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
50
Which nerve innervates the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?
Median nerve
51
What is the main action of the intermediate anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexion of the finger joints and the wrist
52
Which muscles are found in the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, and pronator quadratus
53
Which nerves innervates the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
Ulnar nerve= medial half | Median nerve=lateral half
54
What is the main action of the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexion of finger joints and pronation of forearm
55
What are the three compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, medial and posterior
56
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
57
What is the main action of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extension of the leg
58
What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris
59
Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral artery
60
Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator nerve
61
What is the main action of the medial compartment of the thigh?
Hip adduction
62
Which artery supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator artery
63
What muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor muscles, obturator externus and gracilis
64
Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Both branches of the sciatic nerve- tibial and common femoral
65
What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Hamstring muscles including biceps femoris
66
Which arteries supply the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Branches of the inferior gluteal and profunda femoris artery
67
What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Extension of thigh and flexion of leg
68
What are the three compartments of the leg?
Anterior, lateral and posterior
69
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius
70
What are the main actions of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflexion and inversion
71
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
72
Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior tibial artery
73
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and brevis
74
What is the main action of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Eversion
75
Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
76
Which artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?
Branches of the common fibular (peroneal) artery
77
What are the two compartments of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial and deep
78
What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus
79
Which nerve innervates the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
80
What is the main action of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Plantarflexion
81
Which artery supplies the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery
82
What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
83
Which nerve innervates the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
84
What is the main action of the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Many actions- flexion of digits, plantarflexion and inversion, lateral rotation
85
Which artery supplies the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Posterior tibial artery

Anatomy (9 decks)

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