ap4 midterm Flashcards
Which of the following is part of the nephron?
Bowman’s capsule
Where does the majority of nutrient reabsorption occur in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Renin is secreted by which of the following cells?
Juxtaglomerular cells
Which of the following hormones increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which organ produces erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production?
Kidneys
Which process is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?
Countercurrent multiplication
Where is the center for temperature regulation located in the body?
Hypothalamus
All of the following structures pass through the hilum of the kidney, EXCEPT:
Distal convoluted tubule
What is the role of aldosterone in kidney function?
Increases sodium reabsorption
Which cells in the kidney monitor sodium levels and provide feedback to regulate GFR?
Macula densa cells
The renal corpuscle is located in the renal medulla.
FALSE
Podocytes are found in the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.
FALSE
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is regulated by the myogenic mechanism in response to changes in blood pressure.
TRUE
Macula densa cells are specialized cells in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).
FALSE
Angiotensin II acts as a vasoconstrictor, reducing GFR.
TRUE
The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
TRUE
The kidneys filter 125 mL of blood per minute, which is equivalent to about 180 liters per day.
TRUE
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases the GFR by relaxing glomerular mesangial cells.
TRUE
The loop of Henle is impermeable to water in the ascending limb.
TRUE
Urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging, especially for people under 30.
FALSE
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Where is most glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Which hormone decreases GFR by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles?
Angiotensin II
Which cells secrete aldosterone?
Adrenal cortex
Where is ADH produced?
Hypothalamus
Which structure collects urine from the nephrons?
Collecting duct
The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing how much of the filtered water?
65%-70%
The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to what substance?
Water
Which hormone is released in response to low blood pressure?
Renin
Which of the following is NOT filtered by the glomerulus?
Blood cells
What is the name of the capillary network within the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus
What is the approximate daily urine output for a healthy adult?
1-2 liters
What is the role of the loop of Henle in the nephron?
Create a concentration gradient
Which cells monitor blood pressure and regulate renin secretion?
Juxtaglomerular cells
What is the primary function of the renal medulla?
Concentration of urine
The detrusor muscle is found in which part of the urinary system?
Urinary bladder
What triggers the micturition reflex?
Stretch receptors in the bladder
Which layer of the kidney contains the renal pyramids?
Renal medulla
How much blood is filtered through the kidneys each day?
180 liters
Where is urine stored before excretion?
Urinary bladder
What does the term ‘glomerular filtration rate’ (GFR) refer to?
Amount of filtrate formed per minute
Which structure in the nephron is responsible for secreting H+ ions?
Distal convoluted tubule
Where in the nephron does most potassium secretion occur?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?
Production of red blood cells
Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority of tubular secretion?
Distal convoluted tubule
What hormone promotes the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following best describes the role of the renal corpuscle?
Filter blood
What is the typical pH range of normal urine?
5.0-7.0
Which hormone regulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?
Parathyroid hormone
Which artery provides blood to the kidney?
Renal artery
What is the function of the renal cortex?
Filtration of blood
The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of all of the following EXCEPT:
Renal tubules
Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
In response to increased plasma osmolality, which hormone is released?
ADH
The efferent arteriole carries blood away from which structure?
Glomerulus
The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron helps in:
Maintaining osmotic gradient
The renal pelvis empties into which structure?
Ureter
Which cells line the urinary bladder?
Transitional epithelial cells
What is the main component of urine?
Water
