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AP 4 > ap4 midterm > Flashcards

ap4 midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is part of the nephron?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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2
Q

Where does the majority of nutrient reabsorption occur in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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3
Q

Renin is secreted by which of the following cells?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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4
Q

Which of the following hormones increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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5
Q

Which organ produces erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

Which process is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?

A

Countercurrent multiplication

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7
Q

Where is the center for temperature regulation located in the body?

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

All of the following structures pass through the hilum of the kidney, EXCEPT:

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

What is the role of aldosterone in kidney function?

A

Increases sodium reabsorption

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10
Q

Which cells in the kidney monitor sodium levels and provide feedback to regulate GFR?

A

Macula densa cells

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11
Q

The renal corpuscle is located in the renal medulla.

A

FALSE

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12
Q

Podocytes are found in the parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule.

A

FALSE

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13
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is regulated by the myogenic mechanism in response to changes in blood pressure.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Macula densa cells are specialized cells in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT).

A

FALSE

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15
Q

Angiotensin II acts as a vasoconstrictor, reducing GFR.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

The kidneys filter 125 mL of blood per minute, which is equivalent to about 180 liters per day.

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases the GFR by relaxing glomerular mesangial cells.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

The loop of Henle is impermeable to water in the ascending limb.

A

TRUE

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20
Q

Urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging, especially for people under 30.

A

FALSE

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21
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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22
Q

Where is most glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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23
Q

Which hormone decreases GFR by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles?

A

Angiotensin II

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24
Q

Which cells secrete aldosterone?

A

Adrenal cortex

25
Q

Where is ADH produced?

A

Hypothalamus

26
Q

Which structure collects urine from the nephrons?

A

Collecting duct

27
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing how much of the filtered water?

A

65%-70%

28
Q

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to what substance?

A

Water

29
Q

Which hormone is released in response to low blood pressure?

A

Renin

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT filtered by the glomerulus?

A

Blood cells

31
Q

What is the name of the capillary network within the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus

32
Q

What is the approximate daily urine output for a healthy adult?

A

1-2 liters

33
Q

What is the role of the loop of Henle in the nephron?

A

Create a concentration gradient

34
Q

Which cells monitor blood pressure and regulate renin secretion?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

35
Q

What is the primary function of the renal medulla?

A

Concentration of urine

36
Q

The detrusor muscle is found in which part of the urinary system?

A

Urinary bladder

37
Q

What triggers the micturition reflex?

A

Stretch receptors in the bladder

38
Q

Which layer of the kidney contains the renal pyramids?

A

Renal medulla

39
Q

How much blood is filtered through the kidneys each day?

A

180 liters

40
Q

Where is urine stored before excretion?

A

Urinary bladder

41
Q

What does the term ‘glomerular filtration rate’ (GFR) refer to?

A

Amount of filtrate formed per minute

42
Q

Which structure in the nephron is responsible for secreting H+ ions?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

43
Q

Where in the nephron does most potassium secretion occur?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

A

Production of red blood cells

45
Q

Which part of the nephron is responsible for the majority of tubular secretion?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

46
Q

What hormone promotes the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

47
Q

Which of the following best describes the role of the renal corpuscle?

A

Filter blood

48
Q

What is the typical pH range of normal urine?

A

5.0-7.0

49
Q

Which hormone regulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

Parathyroid hormone

50
Q

Which artery provides blood to the kidney?

A

Renal artery

51
Q

What is the function of the renal cortex?

A

Filtration of blood

52
Q

The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Renal tubules

53
Q

Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder?

A

Ureter

54
Q

In response to increased plasma osmolality, which hormone is released?

A

ADH

55
Q

The efferent arteriole carries blood away from which structure?

A

Glomerulus

56
Q

The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron helps in:

A

Maintaining osmotic gradient

57
Q

The renal pelvis empties into which structure?

A

Ureter

58
Q

Which cells line the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelial cells

59
Q

What is the main component of urine?

A

Water

AP 4 (12 decks)

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