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Question 1

What are the three main sections of the small intestine?

Answer 1

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 2

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Answer 2

Absorption of nutrients and minerals from food

Question 3

What structures in the small intestine increase surface area for absorption?

Answer 3

Villi and microvilli

Question 4

What digestive enzyme is primarily secreted in the small intestine?

Answer 4

Pancreatic enzymes (amylase, lipase, proteases), and brush border enzymes

Question 5

What is the role of the duodenum in digestion?

Answer 5

The duodenum receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the pancreas and gallbladder to begin chemical digestion.

Question 6

How does the small intestine move food along its length?

Answer 6

Peristalsis and segmentation

Question 7

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 7

Absorption of water, electrolytes, and formation of feces

Question 8

What are the main sections of the large intestine?

Answer 8

Cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum, and anal canal

Question 9

How does the large intestine differ from the small intestine in function?

Answer 9

The large intestine is primarily involved in water absorption and waste formation, while the small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption.

Question 10

What are the main anatomical differences between the small intestine and large intestine?

Answer 10

The small intestine is longer, has villi and microvilli for nutrient absorption, and has a narrower diameter. The large intestine is shorter, lacks villi, and has a wider diameter.

Question 11

How many lobes does the liver have?

Answer 11

Four lobes: right, left, caudate, and quadrate

Question 12

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Answer 12

The liver produces bile, processes nutrients from the digestive tract, detoxifies substances, and stores vitamins and minerals.

Question 13

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 13

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.

Question 14

How does bile aid in digestion?

Answer 14

Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets for easier digestion by enzymes.

Question 15

What is the pathway of bile from the liver to the small intestine?

Answer 15

Bile flows from the liver through the hepatic ducts, into the common bile duct, and into the small intestine via the sphincter of Oddi.

Question 16

What is the biliary system composed of?

Answer 16

The biliary system includes the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts (hepatic, cystic, and common bile duct), and the pancreas.

Question 17

What is the function of bile?

Answer 17

Bile helps in the digestion and absorption of fats by emulsifying them and aiding in fat-soluble vitamin absorption (A, D, E, K).

Question 18

How does blood flow through the liver?

Answer 18

Blood enters the liver through the hepatic artery (oxygenated blood) and the portal vein (nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract). It passes through liver sinusoids and drains into the hepatic veins, which lead to the inferior vena cava.

Question 19

What is the function of the portal vein in the liver?

Answer 19

The portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the digestive organs to the liver for processing and detoxification.

Question 20

What role do hepatocytes play in the liver?

Answer 20

Hepatocytes are responsible for processing nutrients, detoxifying substances, producing bile, and storing glycogen.

Question 21

What is the anal canal?

Answer 21

The anal canal is the final part of the digestive tract that controls the excretion of feces.

Question 22

What is the function of the internal and external anal sphincters?

Answer 22

The internal anal sphincter (involuntary) controls automatic release, while the external anal sphincter (voluntary) allows conscious control of defecation.

Question 23

How does defecation occur?

Answer 23

When feces enter the rectum, stretch receptors signal the need to defecate, leading to the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter and voluntary control of the external anal sphincter.