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4 BAB > AP05 Anatomy and Assessment of Vision and Hearing > Flashcards

AP05 Anatomy and Assessment of Vision and Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

Which culcus of the occipital lobe is significant for the visual system?

A

Calcarine Sulcus

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2
Q

What is located at the corneal - scleral junction?

A

Scleral venous sinus

Schlemm’s canal

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3
Q

Which structure of the eye is responsible for the most refraction of light?

A

Cornea

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4
Q

What is ‘accomodation’?

A

changing focus form viewing one object to another

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5
Q

What innervates the ciliary muscle?

A

III - parasympathetic

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6
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

A

constricts ciliary body

relaxes tension on lens, so it’s mroe rouunded

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7
Q

What innervates dilator pupillae?

A

sympathetics from the superior cervical ganglion

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8
Q

What causes mydriasis?

A

low intensity light

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9
Q

What causes miosis?

A

high intensity light

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10
Q

The fibres innervating which areas of the retina cross the optic chiasm?

A

nasal hemiretina

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11
Q

A lesion where would cause right central scotoma?

A

right fovea

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12
Q

A lesion where would cause right monocular vision loss?

A

Right optic nerve

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13
Q

A lesion where would cause bitemporal hemianopia?

A

optic chiasm

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14
Q

A lesion where would cause contralateral left hononymouos hemianopia?

A

right optic tract
right optic radiations
right calcarine fissure

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15
Q

What might cause contralateral left homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing?

A

calcarine fissure if the cerebral artery is also occluded

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16
Q

What are some key causes of optic nerve lesions?

A

optic atrophy
indirect optic neuropatyh
acute optic neuritis
traumatic avulsion optic nerve

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17
Q

Which nuclei connect the optic tracts and the Edinger-Westphal nuclei?

A

pretectal nuclei

18
Q

What proportion of the external ear is cartilage?

A

lateral 1/3

19
Q

What proportion of the external ear is bone?

A

medial 2/3

20
Q

What sorts of glands does the external ear contain?

A

modified apocrine seat glands (ceruminous)

sebacious glands

21
Q

What is the eardrum otherwise called?

A

tympanic membrane

22
Q

What is the middle ear otherwise called?

A

tympanic cavity

23
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the inner ear?

A

bony labyrinth

membranous labyrinth

24
Q

What lies deep to stapes?

A

oval window

25
Q

what hole lies superior to the auditory ossicles?

A

entrance to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess

26
Q

What are the 3 parts to the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

27
Q

What holes lie inferior to the stapes?

A

rouund window

pharyngotympanic tube

28
Q

Which nerves are around with the inner ear?

A

Facial nerve
Vestibular nerve
Cochlear nerve

29
Q

What 2 tests are used to asses hearing function with a 512 Hz tuning fork?

A

Rinne’s and Weber’s tests

30
Q

Where is the tuning fork placed in Weber’s test?

A

forehead

31
Q

Where is the tuning fork placed in Rinne’s test?

A

mastoid process

close to pinna of one ear

32
Q

What are the 2 key types of hearing loss?

A

conductive

sensorineural

33
Q

How might sensorineural deafness present in Weber’s test?

A

sound lateralises to normal ear

34
Q

How might conductive deafness present in Weber’s test?

A

Sound lateralises to affected ear

35
Q

What is the normal result from a Rinne’s test?

A

conduction in air is greater than in bone

36
Q

How might someone with conductive deafness present in the Rinne’s test?

A

bone conduction greater than air conduction

37
Q

how might glue eaer present?

A

earache
tinnitus
temporary hearing loss

38
Q

What might cause Papilloedema?

A

like any increase in ICP

39
Q

What is papilloedema?

A

bilateral optic disc swelling

40
Q

When might optic disc swelling be unilateral?

A

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

41
Q

What is another name for a middle ear infection?

A

Otitis Media

42
Q

Why are children more prone to otitis media?

A

eustachian tube is flat, narrow, and runs more horizontally

4 BAB (18 decks)

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