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4 BAB > 3 Somatosensory System > Flashcards

3 Somatosensory System Flashcards

1
Q

What sensory receptors use group I primary afferents?

A

proprioreceptors of skeletal muscle

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2
Q

What sensory receptors use group II primary afferents?

A

mechanoreceptors of the skin

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3
Q

What sensory receptors use group III primary afferents?

A

Pain, temperature

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4
Q

What sensory receptors use group IV primary afferents?

A

Pain, temperature, itch

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5
Q

What does 2 point discrimination do?

A

assesses the degree of innervation of different areas of skin

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6
Q

What is the definition o fa dermatome?

A

an area of skin that is innervated by afferent axon fibres via a single nerve from a single spinal nerve root

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7
Q

What is firing rate proportional to?

A

stimulus strength

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8
Q

What do slow adapting receptors detect?

A

strength of stimulus

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9
Q

What do fast adapting receptors detect?

A

how fast a stimulus changes

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10
Q

What is a slow adapting receptor important for?

A

maintaining information about a stimulus

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11
Q

What is a fast adapting receptor important for?

A

constatnly changing stimulus required useful

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12
Q

Name 3 types of cutaneous sensory receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors

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13
Q

What are the 2 superficial cutaneous mechanoreceptors?

A

merkel’s receptor

meissner’s corpuscle

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14
Q

What are the 2 deep cutaneous mechanoreceptors?

A

Ruffini’s corpuscle

Pacinian corpuscle

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15
Q

What areas of the body do you find Merkel’s receptor?

A

digits
mouth

not in hairy skin

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16
Q

What do Merkel’s receptors detect?

A

sustained light touch

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17
Q

What is the Merkel receptor cell called?

A

keratocyte

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18
Q

Are Merkel cells slow or rapidly adapting?

A

slow

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19
Q

Are Meissner’s corpuscles slow or rapidly adapting?

A

rapidly

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20
Q

Where are Meissner’s corpuslces found?

A

papillary dermis

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21
Q

What are Meissner’s corpuscles sensitive to?

A

light touch

vibration

22
Q

What do Ruffni corpuscles respond to?

A

lateral movement or stretching of skin

deep touch

23
Q

How do Ruffni corpuscles depolarise the primary afferent axon?

A

network of collages fibres slide over each other

opens ion channels

24
Q

Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?

A

deeper dermal layers

25
Q

Are Pacinian corpuscles rapidly or slowly adpating?

A

rapidly

26
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles sensitive to?

A

stronger stimuli, deep touch or poke

high frequency vibration

27
Q

What is the structure o fpacinian corpuscles?

A

a fully encapsulated nerve ending

28
Q

Is a hair follicle receptor slow or rapidly adapting?

A

rapidly

29
Q

What is the hair follicle receptor sensitive to?

A

hair deflection

30
Q

Are cutaneous thermoreceptors slow or rapidly adapting?

A

slow

31
Q

What are the thermoreceptor channels broadly called?

A

Transient Receptor Potential family

32
Q

What are TRPs?

A

non-specific cation channels

33
Q

Which TRP is the cold channel?

Over what range is it open?

A

TRPM8

10-38 (max 25 under usual circumstances)

34
Q

What TRP is the warm channel?

When does it openn?

A

TRPV3/4

29-45, max 45

35
Q

What phenomenum is associated with TRPM8?

A

paradoxical cold perception

36
Q

What are the 2 types of cutaneous nociceptors?

A

high threshold mechanoreceptors

polymodal nociceptor

37
Q

What type of fibre is the high threshold mechanoreceptor stimulating and what pain does it invoke?

A

Adelta

well localised pricking pain

38
Q

What type of fibre does the polymodal nociceptor stimulate and what pain does it invoke?

A

C fibre
poorly localised burning pain

(over 46 degrees C)

39
Q

What TRP do polymodal nociceptors use?

What else might it be opened by?

A

TRPV1

capsaicin

40
Q

What are the 2 key sensory organs involved in proprioception?

A

muscle spindle

golgi tendon organ

41
Q

Where do you find capsaicin?

A

curry and chilli

42
Q

What type of nerve fibres do the primary afferents of proprioceptors use?

A

Group I

43
Q

What type of fibres do muscle spindle stimulate?

A

Group Ia

44
Q

What type of fibres do golgli tendon organs stimulate?

A

Group Ib

45
Q

What are muscle spindles sensitive to and stimulate?

A

stretch

tone

46
Q

What are golgi tendon organs sensitive to?

A

tension generated by muscle contraction

47
Q

Which central pathway transmits touch, vibration, 2 point discrimination, and proprioception to the thalamus?

A

Lemniscal pathway (dorsal columns)

48
Q

What central pathway transmits pain and temperature with some touch?

A

Spinothalamic Pathway (Anterolateral Tracts)

49
Q

What sorts of fibres are associated with the Lemniscal pathway?

A

Large sensory A-beta fibres

50
Q

What sorts of fibres are associated with the Spinothalamic pathway?

A

small sensory A-delta and C fibres

4 BAB (18 decks)

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