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4 BAB > AP02 Ventricles, CSF, and Meninges > Flashcards

AP02 Ventricles, CSF, and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the Scalp?

A 
skin
dense connective tissue
epicranial aponeurosis
loose areolar connective tissue
periosteum
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2
Q

What is the trabecular bit of the cranium called?

A

Dipole

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3
Q

What might arachnoid granulae form in the cranium?

A

granular fovoelae

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4
Q

What do emissary veins do?

A

pass from the outside of hte cranial cavity to the dural venous sinuses

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5
Q

Which artery lies deep to the pterion?

A

middle meningeal artery

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6
Q

What are the 2 key cell types of the blood brain barrier?

A

enodthelial cells

mural cells

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7
Q

What 2 categories of transporters do BBB endothelial cells express?

A

Efflux transporters

Influx transporters

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8
Q

What sort of molecules do BB endothelial cells have a very low amount of?

A

leukocyte adhesion molecules

limit the action of the immune system on the brain

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9
Q

Where are mural cells?

A

they line the BBB endothelium, although much of the cell body lies within the BM

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10
Q

How do mural cells attach to endothelial cells?

A

N-cadherin

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11
Q

What are mural cells derived from?

A

neural crest tissue

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12
Q

What is the endothelial : pericyte ratio in the brain compared to skeletal muscle?

A

brain - 1:1-3

muscle 100:1

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13
Q

What might cause leukocyte infiltration of the BBB?

A

disruption of the BM by matrix matalloproteinases

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14
Q

Where is the diaphragma sella?

A

superior to sella turcica and pituitary gland

inferior to the optic chiasm

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15
Q

How might masses extending into or from the pituitary fossa present?

A

snowman appearance caused by the constriction of the diaphragma

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16
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach anteriorly?

A

crista galli of the ethmoid

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17
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach posteirorly?

A

internal occipital protuberance

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18
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach inferiorly?

A

tentorium cerebelli

19
Q

Name an anatomical variation associated with the falx cerebri

A

partially calcified in 7% of individuals

20
Q

Where does the faux cerebelli attach posteriorly?

A

internal occipital crest

21
Q

When might the falx cerebelli be absent?

A

Chiari II malformation

22
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli do?

A

divides the cranial cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments

23
Q

What sinus is located at the junction between the tentorium ccerebelli and the falx cerebri?

A

straight sinus

24
Q

What is the anterolateral attachment of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone

25
Q

Which dural sinus drains into the internal jugular vein?

A

sigmoid sinus

26
Q

What connects the signoid sinus and the cavernous sinus?

A

superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

27
Q

What divides up that cavernous sinus?

A

fibrous septa

28
Q

What is the superior boundary of the cavernous sinus?

A

fold of dura mater attached to anterior and middle clinoid processes

29
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the cavernous sinus?

A

medial end of superior orbital fissure

30
Q

What is theposteiror boundary of the cavernous sinus?

A

petrous apec

31
Q

What forms the medial wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

endosteum overlying the body of the sphenoid bone

32
Q

What forms the lareral wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

dura mater from the ridge of the roof to the floor of hte middle cranial fossa

33
Q

What forms the floor of the cavernous sinus?

A

endosteum overlying the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

34
Q

What does the cavernous sinus receive venous blood from?

A 
inferior and superior opthalmic veins
intercavernous sinus
sphenoparietal sinus
superficial middle cerebral vein
ocaissonallly...

central retinal vein
frontal tributary of middle meningeal vein

35
Q

When might the cavernous sinus be at risk?

A

cavernous sinus thrombosis

36
Q

What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V (opthalmic and maxillary branches), VI

ICA

37
Q

What cells produce CSF and where are they found?

A

ependymal cells of the choroid plexus covering the floor of the lateral ventricle and roof of the 3rd ventricle

38
Q

How does CSF exit the 4th ventricle?

A

via the lateral and medial apertures

39
Q

Where does CSF from the lateral apertures flow?

A

pontine system on the ventral aspect of the brainstem

40
Q

Where does CSF from the medial aperture flow?

A

cerebrello-medullar cistern

41
Q

Where does CSF from the cerebello-medullary cistern flow?

A

superior system, interpenduncular system, and supdural space down spinal cord to lumbar cistern

42
Q

Where does CSF from the lumbar cistern flow?

A

joins flow from the 4th ventricle and the uperior system

43
Q

What gait is associated with adult hydrocephalus?

A

wide-base, short, slow shuffling gait

44
Q

What layers does a lumbar puncture have to pass through?

A 
skin
subcutaneous tissue
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum flavum
epidural space (internal vertebral venous plexus)
dura
arachnoid
subarachnoid space

4 BAB (18 decks)

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