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4 BAB > AP04 Brainstem Nuclei and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

AP04 Brainstem Nuclei and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

From where does the olfacotry nerve originate?

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

Where does the olfacotry nerve exit the skull?

A

cribfriform plate

lamina cribrosa of ethmoid

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3
Q

What function does the olfacotry nerve offer?

A

SA - small and taste

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4
Q

What word is used for loss of smell?

A

Anosmia

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5
Q

Where does the optic nerve originate from?

A

cerebrum

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6
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit the skull?

A

optic canal

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7
Q

what function does the optic nerve offer?

A

SA - sight

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8
Q

Where is the optic chiasm?

A

superior ot diaphragma sella

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9
Q

Where does the occulomotor nerve originate from?

A

Edinger Westphal nucleus in the midbrain

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10
Q

Where does the occulomotor nerve exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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11
Q

What are the functions of the occulomotor nerve?

A

GSE - extraocular muscles

GVE - sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

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12
Q

Which 4 extraocular muscles are innervated by the occulomotor nerve?

A

levator superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
inferior oblique

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13
Q

Which part of the oculomotor nerve passes through the ciliary ganglion?

A

GVE - sphincter pupillae and siliary muscles

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14
Q

What does the oculomotor nedrve form after the cilicary ganglion?

A

short ciliary nerve

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15
Q

The nerves from which area passing through the ciliary ganglion ultimately innervate the dilator papillae?

A

carotid plexus

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16
Q

Sensory fibres from whihc nerve passes through the ciliary ganglion?

A

nasociliary nerve

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17
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve innervate?

A

cornea
ciliary body
iris

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18
Q

How would you test oculomotor nerve?

A

H test

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19
Q

What might put pressure ont he oculomotor nerve?

A

aneurysm
herniating cerebral uncus
cavernouos sinus mass
thrombosis

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20
Q

From where does the Trochlear nerve originate?

A

midbrain-pontine junction

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21
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

What are the functions of the Trochlear nerve?

A

GSE - superior oblique

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23
Q

Why is the trochlear nerve vulnerable?

A

it is long and thin

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24
Q

How does trochlear palsy present?

A

vertical diplopia

head tilt

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25
Q

From where does the trigeminal nerve originate?

A

pons

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26
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion?

A

trigmeinal depression on anteiror surface of petroud part of the temporal bone

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27
Q

Where does V1 exit?

A

superior orbital fissure

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28
Q

Where does V2 exit?

What is the exception to this?

A

foramen rotundum

zygomatic branch exits via inferior orbital fissure

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29
Q

where does V3 exit?

What is the exception to this?

A

foramen ovale

meningeal branch exits via foramen spinosum

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30
Q

What are the functions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

GSA for facial dermatomes

BE for mastication

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31
Q

What muscles of masticaiton are innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

A

medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
masseter
temporalis

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32
Q

From where does the abducens nerve originate?

A

pontine-medullary junction

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33
Q

Where does abducens exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

34
Q

What is the function of abducens?

A

GSE - lateral rectus

35
Q

Why is abducens nerve so vulnerable?

A

long and thin

36
Q

How might abducens pathology present?

A

horizontal diplopia

unaffected eye unable to abduct beyond midline

37
Q

What might muck up the abducens nerve?

A

brain lesion

cavernous sinus lesion

38
Q

From where does the facial nerve originate?

A

superior salivatory nucleus

pontine medullary junction

39
Q

What are the functions of the facial nerve?

A

GSA - taste (ant. 2/3 tongue)
SA - external acoustic meatus and deeper auricle
GVE - secretomotor
BE - facial muscles

40
Q

Which glands are innervated by the facial nerve?

A

salivary glands (not parotid)
mucous glands
lacrimal gland

41
Q

What is the sensory root of the facial nerve called?

A

intermediate nerve

42
Q

Where do the roots of the facial nerve fuse?

A

facial canal

43
Q

What do the two roots of the facial nerve pass through before fusing?

A

internal acoustic meatus

44
Q

What does the facial nerve form after fusing?

A

geniculate ganglion

45
Q

What are the 3 branches of the geniculate ganglion?

A

greater petrosal nerve
nerve to stapedius
chorda tympani

46
Q

What is the function of greater petrosal nerve?

A

parasympathetic secretomotor

47
Q

What is Stapedius?

A

muscle in inner ear

48
Q

What is the function of chorda Tympani?

A

special senosry to anterior 2/3 tongue

parasympathetic secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual glands

49
Q

When is the facial nerve at risk?

A

parotid gland surgery

delivery using forceps - compresison at stylomastoid foramen

50
Q

How might a facial nerve lesion present?

A

facial muscle paralysis
abnormal taste anterior 2/3 tongue
dry conjunctivae
paralysis of contralateral facial muscle inferior to orbit

51
Q

From where does the vestibulocochlear nerve originate?

A

pontine-medullary junction

52
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull?

A

internal acoustic meatus

53
Q

What is the function of the vesitbulocochlear nerve?

A

SA (vestibular and cochlear component)

54
Q

A tumour at which location might damage the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

cerebellopontine angle

55
Q

How might a damaged vestibulocochlear nerve present?

A

unilateral hearing loss

tinnitus

56
Q

From where does teh glossopharyngeal nerve originate?

A

inferior salivatory nucleus

pontine-medudllary junction

57
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

58
Q

What are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A 
GVA (carotid body and sinus)
GSA (post. 1/3 tongue)
SA (taste post. 1/3 tongue)
GVE (parasymp. secretomotor parotid gland)
BE
59
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus

60
Q

What do glossopharyngeal fibres pass through before reaching the otic ganglion?

A

tympanic plexus

61
Q

What do glossopharyngeal postganglionic fibres hitchike along?

A

auriculotemporal nerve (V2 branch)

62
Q

What does the tympanic nerve do?

A

helps form tympanic plexus

contributes GVE to plexus, ultimately leave via lesser petrosal nerve to otic ganglion

63
Q

From where does the Vagus nerve originate?

A

4 nuclei of dorsal medulla

64
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

65
Q

What 2 Vagus ganglia are associated with the jugular foramen?

A

Superior (jugular) ganglion

Inferior (nodose) ganglion

66
Q

From where does the Accessory nerve orginate?

A

Upper 5 neurones in cervical spinal cord

medullar oblongata posteior to olive

67
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

68
Q

What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

BE - SCM + trapezius

69
Q

What might cause a lesion of the spinal accessory nerve?

A

penetrating injury to posteiror triangle of neck

70
Q

From where does the hypoglossal nerve originate?

A

medulla oblongata posterior to the olive

71
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal

72
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

GSE - intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (not palatoglossus)

73
Q

What is palatoglossus innervated by?

A

pharyngeal branch of Vagus

74
Q

How might an oculomotor nerve lesion present?

A

down and out
Myrdriasis
Ptosis

75
Q

how would you test the motor function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

bite down on something

check how hard and if it’s balanced

76
Q

How would an UMN problem of the facial nerve present?

A

weakness of all ipsilateral muscles of expression (Bell’s palsy)

77
Q

How would a LMN lesion of the facial nerve present?

A

unilateral muscle weakness, but upper facial muscles partially spared (usually stroke)

78
Q

Which cranial nerves are tested using the gag reflex?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

79
Q

Which nerves is responsible for the Jaw Jerk reflex?

A

Trigeminal afferent

Trigeminal efferent

80
Q

Which nerve is responsible for the Corneal and blink reflex?

A

Trigeminal afferent

Facial efferent

4 BAB (18 decks)

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