AP04 - respiratory histology Flashcards
What are the names of the trunk as you go lower down the respiratory tract?
trachea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs
What adaptation does the lamina propria of the trachea have?
rich collection of blood vessels to warm the air
What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
traps dirt and mucus, pushing mucus upwards out of the trachea
What type of glands are present in olfactory epithelium?
Bowman’s glands
What happens when the olfactory epithelium is shed?
when you have a cold this happens, causing your appetite to be lost
this lasts for a while after the cold passes while axons re-form from basal stem cells
What classification of epithelial cells line the olfactory epithelium?
ciliated paeudotratified columnar cells
What type of cells form the lining of the alveolar sacs and alveoli?
What proportions are they in?
alveolar type 1 cell 95%
alveolar type 2 cell 5%
What are the characteristic of alveolar type 1 cells?
highly attenuated
organelles grouped around nucleus, reducing thickness for the larger part of the cell
pinocytotic veicles for surfactant turnover
tight junctions limiting fluid release
What happens during childbirth to the lungs?
- movement expels fluid out of foetus’ lungs
- lungs are distended, releasing NO (secreted by endothelial wall of pulmonary arteries)
- this increases dilation of pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary network and decreases blood pressure
- increases blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary aorta
- blood pressure in right arium compared to left atrium decreases
- functional closure of the foramen secundum
What does the foramen secundum do?
it allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium
it closes after child birth allowing blood to pass through to the lungs
From what age is surfactant produced?
34th week onwards
if this does not happen, the heart can’t develop properly
What might be administered to stimulate greater lung development?
steroids
What cell type in the alveoli might be stained dark by Masson’s trichrome?
alveolar macrophage
What are the effects of emphysema on breathing capabilities?
damage to alveoli decreases lung compliance, making it less able to resist the expansive forces of the thoracic cage
What tissues are inflamed in a sore throat?
lymphoid tissues in the palatine tonsils
