AP02 - Larynx Flashcards
How many cartilages is the larynx made of?
9
what are the 3 large pieces of cartilage in the larynx?
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
What cartilage forms the adam’s apple?
What structure does the Adam’s apple form?
thyroid cartilage
the superior thyroid notch
What object does the cricoid cartilage look ilke?
signet ring
Where does the epiglottis lie?
behind the thyroid cartilage, over the cricoid cartilage
What 3 other cartilage structures are associated with the epiglottis?
cuneiform
corniculate
arytenoid
What are the 2 joints associated with the larynx?
cricothyroid joints
crico-arytenoid joints
What type of epithelia line the vocal cords?
stratified squamous non-keratinized mucosa
What is the function of the vestibular folds?
to protect the ‘true’ vocal chords
What is the position of the arytenoid cartilages and the rima glottis in quiet respiration?
arytenoid cartilages abducted
rima glottis triangular
What is the position of the arytenoid cartilages and the rima glottis?
arytenoid cartilages adducted
epiglottis rhomboid shaped
How does phonation work?
air is forced through the rima glottis, making sound
What are the 7 muscles associate with the larynx?
cricothyroid posterior-cricoarytenoid lateral crico-arytenoid transverse arytenoid oblique arytenoid thyro-arytenoid vocalis
What is the function of cricothyroid?
rotates thyroid forward and down at cricothyroid joint
What is the function of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle?
abduction and external rotation of arytenoid cartilage (primary openers of the rima glottis)
What is the function of the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle?
internal rotation of arytenoid cartilage
adduction of vocal folds
What is the function of the transverse arytenoid muscle?
adduction of the arytenoid cartilages
What is the function of the oblique arytenoid muscle?
sphincter of laryngeal inlet
What is the function of the thyro-arytenoid muscle?
sphincter of vestibulae and layngeal inlet
What is the function of Vocalis?
adjusts tension in vocal folds
What blood vessel supply and drain the larynx?
superior and inferior laryngeal arteries of the superior and inferior branches of the exterior carotid artery respectively
corresponding veins
What is the general function of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
moving the whole larynx
moving individual parts of the larynx
in swallowing, what structure closes the nasal cavity?
the soft palate
What happens when food hits the pharynx?
constrictors push the fooooooooood down to the oesophagus
Which muscles move the hyoid and the larynx in swallowing?
strap muscles (extrinsic) (supra and inferior hyoid muscles and strap constrictors)
this allows food to roll over the epiglottis
