AP01 - Basic topography of the upper respiratory tract

Question 1

What is the passage of air going through the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 1

external nares
nasal cavities
internal nares
nasopharynx

Question 2

What splits the nasal cavities?

Answer 2

the nasal septum

Question 3

What are the nasal cavities lined by?

Answer 3

pseudostratified epithelium (respiratory epithelium)

Question 4

What detects odours in the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

olfactory epithelium

Question 5

What are the projections from the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?

Answer 5

nasal conchae / turbinate bones

superior and middle are of the ethmoid bone, inferior is a separate bone

Question 6

What are either side of the nasal conchae?

Answer 6

paranasal sinuses

lined with repiratory epithelium
mucus drains into the nasal cavity

Question 7

What opens into the pharyngeal opening?

what lies inferior to this?

Answer 7

pharyngotympanic tube

torus levatorius (fold overlying the levator veli platini)

Question 8

What are the names of the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 8

maxillary
frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid

Question 9

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 9

humidifying inspired air

Question 10

What does the frontal sinus drain into?

Answer 10

nasal cavity via the frontonasal duct

Question 11

What does the sphenoid sinus drain into?

Answer 11

roof of the nasal cavity

Question 12

What do the ethmoidal sinuses drain into?

Answer 12

anterior - hiatus smilunaris
middle - ethmoid bulla
posterior - superior meatus

Question 13

What does the maxillary sinus drain into?

Answer 13

nasal cavity at the hiatus semilunaris, underneath the frontal sinus opening

Question 14

What lies eitherside of each conchae?

Answer 14

spheno-ethmoidal recess
superior conchae
superior meatus
middle conchae
middle meatus
inferior conchae
inferior conchae

Question 15

What supplies the upper respiratory tract for taste, general sensation, and glandular function?

Answer 15

smell - olfactory nerve
general sensation - trigeminal nerve
glands - facial nerve

Question 16

What are the origins of arterial supply to the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

external carotid artery - facial and maxillary arteries

internal carotid artery - opthalmic artery

Question 17

Name the 6 blood vessels supplying the nasal cavity, and which artery they originate from

Answer 17

Maxilllary artery:
Sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery

Facial artery:
superior labial artery
lateral nasal artery

Opthalmic artery:
Posterior ethmoidal artery
anterior ethmoidal artery

Question 18

What type of structure do arteries of the nasal cavity form with each other?

Answer 18

anastosomes

Question 19

What might leak in trauma to the roof of the nasal canal?

Answer 19

CSF - VERY SERIOUS

Question 20

Why does trauma to the ethmoidal sinus have a high morbidity rate?

Answer 20

associated with high energy trauma and cranial injuries

Question 21

What inks the nasopharynx and the ar?

Answer 21

pharyngotympatnic tube (eustachian tube)

Question 22

What are the 2 main functions of the eustachian tube?

Answer 22

pressure equalization

mucus drainage

Question 23

What can differences in pressure cause with regards to the eustachian tube?

Answer 23

temporary conductive hearing loss, by decreasing the motion of the tympanic membrane and ossicle of the ear

Question 24

How could you treat URT infections (causing fluid to get trapped)?

Answer 24

phenylephrine
causes vasoconstriction
it’s a pure alpha adrenergic agonisT

Question 25

What 4 muscls are associated with the eustachian tube?

Answer 25

Vagus nerve:
levator veli platini
salpingopharyngeus

Mandibular trigeminal:
tensor tympani
tensory veli palatini

Question 26

What are the 4 sets of tonsils associated with Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 26

pharyngeal tonsil
tubal tonsils
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsil