AP01 - Basic topography of the upper respiratory tract Flashcards
What is the passage of air going through the upper respiratory tract?
external nares
nasal cavities
internal nares
nasopharynx
What splits the nasal cavities?
the nasal septum
What are the nasal cavities lined by?
pseudostratified epithelium (respiratory epithelium)
What detects odours in the nasal cavity?
olfactory epithelium
What are the projections from the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?
nasal conchae / turbinate bones
superior and middle are of the ethmoid bone, inferior is a separate bone
What are either side of the nasal conchae?
paranasal sinuses
lined with repiratory epithelium
mucus drains into the nasal cavity
What opens into the pharyngeal opening?
what lies inferior to this?
pharyngotympanic tube
torus levatorius (fold overlying the levator veli platini)
What are the names of the 4 paranasal sinuses?
maxillary
frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid
What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
humidifying inspired air
What does the frontal sinus drain into?
nasal cavity via the frontonasal duct
What does the sphenoid sinus drain into?
roof of the nasal cavity
What do the ethmoidal sinuses drain into?
anterior - hiatus smilunaris
middle - ethmoid bulla
posterior - superior meatus
What does the maxillary sinus drain into?
nasal cavity at the hiatus semilunaris, underneath the frontal sinus opening
What lies eitherside of each conchae?
spheno-ethmoidal recess superior conchae superior meatus middle conchae middle meatus inferior conchae inferior conchae
What supplies the upper respiratory tract for taste, general sensation, and glandular function?
smell - olfactory nerve
general sensation - trigeminal nerve
glands - facial nerve
What are the origins of arterial supply to the nasal cavity?
external carotid artery - facial and maxillary arteries
internal carotid artery - opthalmic artery
Name the 6 blood vessels supplying the nasal cavity, and which artery they originate from
Maxilllary artery:
Sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine artery
Facial artery:
superior labial artery
lateral nasal artery
Opthalmic artery:
Posterior ethmoidal artery
anterior ethmoidal artery
What type of structure do arteries of the nasal cavity form with each other?
anastosomes
What might leak in trauma to the roof of the nasal canal?
CSF - VERY SERIOUS
Why does trauma to the ethmoidal sinus have a high morbidity rate?
associated with high energy trauma and cranial injuries
What inks the nasopharynx and the ar?
pharyngotympatnic tube (eustachian tube)
What are the 2 main functions of the eustachian tube?
pressure equalization
mucus drainage
What can differences in pressure cause with regards to the eustachian tube?
temporary conductive hearing loss, by decreasing the motion of the tympanic membrane and ossicle of the ear
How could you treat URT infections (causing fluid to get trapped)?
phenylephrine
causes vasoconstriction
it’s a pure alpha adrenergic agonisT
What 4 muscls are associated with the eustachian tube?
Vagus nerve:
levator veli platini
salpingopharyngeus
Mandibular trigeminal:
tensor tympani
tensory veli palatini
What are the 4 sets of tonsils associated with Waldeyer’s ring?
pharyngeal tonsil
tubal tonsils
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsil
