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4 RED > AP04 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

AP04 Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What structure in the adult marks the fusion of genital swellings in the midline?

A

scrotal raphe

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2
Q

What female structure is the scrotum analogous to?

A

labia majora

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3
Q

What are the contents of the scrotum?

A

testis
epididymis
spermatic cord
muscle fibres

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4
Q

What muscle fibre is in the scrotum, where is it and what is its’ function?

A

Dartos muscle
immediately under the skin

wrinkles skin to decrease SA and heat loss

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5
Q

what arteries supply the scrotum?

A

anterior and posterior scrotal arteries

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6
Q

What does the anterior scrotal artery originate from?

A

external pudendal artery

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7
Q

What does the posterior scrotal artery originate from

A

internal pudendal artery

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8
Q

Where do the scrotal veins drain into?

A

external pudendal veins

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9
Q

What innervates the anteiror and lateral aspecct of the scrotum?

A

anterior scrotal nerve

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10
Q

Where do the anterior scrotal nerves originate from?

A

genital branch of genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerve

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11
Q

Where do the posterior scrotal nerves originate from?

A

perineal branches of pudendal nerve and posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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12
Q

What offer lymph drainage of the scrotum?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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13
Q

What does the tunica vaginalis originate from?

A

parietal peritoneum

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14
Q

What does the tunica vaginalis contain?

A

viscous fluid

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15
Q

What is the funciton of tunica vaginalis?

A

lubricates testicular surface so they can move around

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16
Q

What is the function of the tunica albuginea?

A

protects testicular parenchyma

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17
Q

What ist he structure of tunica albuginea?

A

penetrates into parenchyma of each testicle dividing it into lobules

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18
Q

What are the different layers surrounding the testis?

A 
tunica albuginea
tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral)
internal spermatic fascia
cremasteric muscle and fascia
external spermatic fascia
dartos fascia and muscle
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19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the epididymis?

A

head
body
tail

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20
Q

What is the head of the epididymis formed by?

A

efferent tubules of testes

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21
Q

What is the tail of the epididymis formed by?

A

origin of vas deferens

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22
Q

What innervates the testes and epididymis?

A

testicular plexus

from renal and aortic plexi

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23
Q

What arteries supply the testes and epididymis?

A

testicular arteries
cremasteric artery
artery of vas deferens

all anastomose

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24
Q

Where does the testicular artery originate from?

A

AA (inguinal canal)

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25
Q

Where does the cremasteric artery originate from?

A

inferior epigastric artery

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26
Q

Where does the artery of vas deferens originate from?

A

inferior vesical artery

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27
Q

What drains the testes and vas deferens?

A

pampiniform plexus
left - left renal vein
right - IVC

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28
Q

What offer lymphatic drainage of the testes and epididymis?

A

lumbar and paraortic nodes

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29
Q

What are the 3 fascial coverings of the spermatic cord?

A

external spermatic fascia
cremaster muscle and fascia
internal spermatic fascia

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30
Q

What does the external spermatic fascia originate from?

A

deep subcutaneous fascia (external oblique

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31
Q

What does the cremaster muscle and fascia originate from?

A

internal oblique muscle and fascial coverings

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32
Q

What does the internal spermatic fascia originate from?

A

transversalis fascia

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33
Q

What covers the main 3 fascial coverings of the spermatic cord?

A

superficial fascia

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34
Q

What blood vessels are in the spermatic cord?

A

testicular artery
cremasteric artery and vein
artery to vas deferens
pampiniform plxus of testicular veins

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35
Q

What nerves are in the spermatic cord?

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

autonomic nerves

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36
Q

What other structures are int he spermatic cord?

A

vas deferens
processus vaginalis
lymph vessels

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37
Q

What is the processus vaginalis?

A

projection of peritoneum that forms the pathway of descent for the testes during embryonic development

fused shut in adults

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38
Q

what are the 3 SM layers to the vas deferens?

A

Inner longitudinal
intermmediate circular
outer longitudinal

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39
Q

What muscle lies inferolaterally to the prostate?

A

levator ani

40
Q

What is posterior to the prostate?

A

ampulla of rectum

41
Q

How do proteolytic enzymes exit the prostate?

A

prostatic ducts

42
Q

What proportion of the prostate is glandular, and fibromuscular?

A

2/3 glandular

1/3 fibromuscular

43
Q

What are the 3 zones of the prostate?

A

central zone
Transitional zone
Peripheral zone

44
Q

What proportion of the prostate is the central zone?

A

25%

45
Q

What proportion of the prostate is the transitional zone?

A

5-10%

46
Q

What proportion of the prostate is the peripheral zone?

A

65%

47
Q

Why is the prostate immune to urine reflex?

A

ducts of glands from central zone empty into prostatic urethra obliquely

48
Q

Which area of the prostate typicall undergoes BPH?

A

transitional zone

49
Q

Where in the prostate is the fibromuscular stroma?

A

anteriorly

50
Q

Which arteries supply the prostate?

A

prostatic arteries

51
Q

What drains the prostate?

A

prostatic venous plexus

52
Q

What innervates the prostate?

A

inferior hypogastric plexus (sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory innervation)

53
Q

What is in danger during radical prostatectomy?

A

damage to falnking neurvascular bundles

resulting ED

54
Q

How can you differentiate between BPH and cancer?

A

presents a bit earlier (right around urethra so urinary symptoms)
feels not as lumpy

55
Q

Which area of the prostate is prone to cancer?

Why?

A

peripheral zone

glandular and epithelial tissue

56
Q

What might cause a seminal gland abscess?

A

spermatocystitis after microbial infection of urethra and prostate gland

57
Q

What proportion of total semen is supplied by the seminal vesicles?

A

70%

58
Q

What structures derive from the mesonephric ducts?

A 
seminal glands
ejaculatory ducts
epididymis
ductus deferens
SEED
59
Q

What do the seminal vesicle fluids contain?

A

alkaline fluid
fructose
prostoglandins
clotting factors

60
Q

What provides arterial supply to the seminal vesicles?

A

inferior vesicular artery
internal pudendal artery
middle rectal artery
(all from internal iliac artery)

61
Q

What drains the seminal vesicles?

A

external and internal iliac lymph nodes

62
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands?

A

posteriolateral to membranous urethra and superior to the bulb of the penis

63
Q

What do bulbourethral glands secrete during sex?

A

mucus secretion

glycoproteins

64
Q

What is the function of bulbourethral secretions?

A

lubrication
expels residue
neutralise residual acidity

65
Q

What innervates the bulbourethral glands?

A

hypogastric nerve

66
Q

What are the 3 main parts to the penis?

A

root
body
glans

67
Q

Where is the root of the penis located?

A

superficial perineal pouch of pelvic floor

68
Q

What are the 3 erectile tissues int he root of the penis?

A

2 crura and 1 bulb

69
Q

What muscles are in the root of the penis?

A

ischiocavernosus

bulbospongiosus

70
Q

What are the 3 erectile tissues of the body of the penis?

A

corpus cavernosa x2

corpus spongiosum

71
Q

What is the glans of the penis formed from?

A

distal expansion of corpus spongiosum

72
Q

What do the left and right crura attach to?

A

ipsilateral ischial ramus

73
Q

What are corpus cavernosa separated by?

A

septum of the penis (tunica albuginea)

74
Q

Why does the corpus spongiosum fill during erection?

A

to prevent urethral occlusion

75
Q

What is the function of bulbospongiosus?

A

contracts to empty the spongy urethra of residual semen and urine
anterior fibres maintain erection

76
Q

What is the function of ischiocavernosus?

A

force blood from cavernous spaces in the crura into corpus cavernosa

77
Q

What are teh 2 fascial coverings of the erectile tissues

A

colles fasica

Buck’s fascia (holds all 3 together)

78
Q

What is colles fascia conti`nuous with?

A

scarpa’s fascia

79
Q

What is Buck’s fascia continuous with?

A

deep perineal fascia

80
Q

What lies underneath the deep fascia of the erectile tissues?

A

tunica albuginea

81
Q

What ligaments support the penis?

A 
suspensory ligament (pubic symphysis)
Fundiform ligament (runs down linea alba, surrounds penis like a sling)
82
Q

What is the foreskin called?

A

prepuce

83
Q

What connect the foreskin to the surface of the penis?

A

frenulum

84
Q

What is the potential space between the glans and prepuce called?

A

preputial space

85
Q

Which 3 arteries supply the penis?

A

dorsal arteries
deep arteries
bulbourethral arteries

all from internal pudendal artery (internal iliac)

86
Q

What drains the penis?

A

paired veins
cavernous spaces drained by deep dorsal vein of penis into prostatic venous plexus
superficial dorsal veins

87
Q

What innervates the penis?

A 
S2-S4
dorsal nerve of penis (symp and sens)
cavernous nerves (para, erection)
88
Q

What happens in phimosis?

A

prepuce too tight, wont retract
smegma
penile carcinoma association

89
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

tight prepuce retracted

may cause oedema

90
Q

What might be used to treat ED?

A

PDE5 inhibitors

91
Q

What is priapism?

A

erection beyond or without stimulation

medical emergency if longer than 4 hours

92
Q

What is a hydrocoele?

A

collection of serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

93
Q

What is haematocoele?

A

collection of blood in tunica vaginalis

94
Q

How would you distinguish haematocoele from hydrocoele?

A

transillumination

95
Q

What is varicocoele?

A

dilation of pampiniform plexus

4 RED (15 decks)

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