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4 RED > AP02 Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

AP02 Histology of the Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

From where do the ovaries arise?

A

genital ridge (mesothelium thickening) posterior abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What is the structure of the ovary?

A

medulla

cortex

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3
Q

What are the features of the ovary medula?

A

vascularised

Hilus cells

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4
Q

What resides in the ovary cortex?

A

primordial germ cells

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5
Q

What do hilus cells produce?

A

oestrogen

progesterone

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6
Q

What are the 2 stages of pre-natal follicle development?

A

1) migration of oogonia
2) oogonia enlargement > primary oocyte
3) 1st stage meiosis
4) Follicular cells surrounding oocyte

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7
Q

What are the 5 stages of follicle development in the ovarian cycle?

A

1) primordial follicle develops > primary follicle
2) granulosa cells proliferate, surrounding stroma develops
3) primary > secondary follicle
4) Graafian follicle
5) ovulation

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8
Q

What are the developments of the follicle post-ovulation?

A

1) ruptured vessels cause cortex haemorrhage
2) follicle collapses around bleed > corpus luteum
3) granulosa cells hypertrophy
4) inhibition of LH causes progesterone secretion from Cl to cease (CL regresses to form Corpus albicans)

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9
Q

What is the the inner mucosa of the fallopian tubes made of?

A

simple ciliated/nonciliated/intercalated columnar epithelium

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10
Q

What is the function of the fallopian inner mucosa?

A

movement of ovum

production of fluid

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11
Q

What is the structure of the muscular fallopian layer?

A

inner circular

outer longitudinal

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

A

endometrium
Myometrium
Perineum

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13
Q

What is the endometrium epithelium made of?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

supported by stroma (simple tubular cells)

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14
Q

What is the structure of the myometrium?

A

3 layers

  • transverse
  • longitudinal
  • oblique
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15
Q

What are the 3 stages to the uterine cycle?

A

Proliferative (follicular) phase
Secretory (luteal) phase
menstrual phase

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16
Q

How long is the proliferative phase?

A

9 days

17
Q

What happens in the proliferatice phase?

A

endometrial stroma more vascularised and thickens

glands elongate and coil

cells develop specialised microvilli and cilia

18
Q

What is the proliferative phase maintained by?

A

oestrogen from developing follicles

19
Q

how long is the secretory phase?

A

14 days

20
Q

What does progesterone release frrom corpus luteum stimulate in the luteal phase?
why?

A

glycogen rich secretion from endometrial glands

offers nutrition for fertilised ovum

21
Q

When does vacuolation occur?

A

luteal phase

22
Q

What happens in vacuolation?

A

glycogen accumulates in basal aspect of cells

23
Q

What is the appearance of the glands in the late luteal phase?

A

saw-tooth

24
Q

How long is the menstrual phase?

A

5 days

25
Q

What causes the onset of the menstrual phase?

A

fall in progesterone

26
Q

What happens in the menstrual phase?

A

endometrium shedding
spasmodic arteriole constriction (ischaemia)
necrosis of stroma and glands

27
Q

Give another name for uterine fibroids

A

Leiomyoma

28
Q

How many lobes are in each breast?

A

15-25

29
Q

What does each breast lobe consist of?

A

a compound tubulo-acinar gland

lactiferuos duct

30
Q

What divides lobes?

A

collagenouos, vascular septa (reticular CT)

31
Q

What supports the lobes of the breast?

A

adipose tissue

32
Q

What are the 2 layers of the acini and ducts in the non-pregnant breast?

A

luminal epithelium

basal epithelium

33
Q

What are the kinds of luminal cells in the non-pregnant breast?

A

cuboidal (small ducts)

columnar (large ducts)

34
Q

What are the luminal cells surrouunded by?

A

stellate myoepithelial cells

35
Q

What causes the pregnant breast to change?

A

oestrogen and progesterone

36
Q

What changes in the pregnant breast?

A

glandular epithelium proliferates (more acini)
acini dilate
loss of interlobular and intralobular tissue

37
Q

What causes the mammary acini to dilate in pregnancy?

A

colostrum

38
Q

What hormone stimulates milk production?

A

prolactin

39
Q

What hormone stimulates lactation?

A

oxytocin

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