A.P US HISTORY - website quiz review Flashcards
boss tweed
example of political corruption and political machine during the gilded age
leader of Tammany hall
became a dominant figure in new york politics, controlled elections the police and citiy services
Pendleton act 1883
proved that the federal government be awarded on the basis of merit
employees be selected through competence exams
vertical integration
companies became powerful enough to dominate every step of production
allowed companies to produce goods more cheaply and quickly
horizontal integration
monopoly or trust (dominating certain production)
these corporations controlled american markets and politics
by dominating certain companies they eliminate competition and made more money
laissez-faire
allow business to do what they want
trade freely, set up their own prices, determine workers wages and conditions
social Darwinism
believed that government should not interfere with the survival of the fittest by helping the poor
used to justify economic inequality
mindset of many industrialist and political leaders
Sherman anti-trust act
authorized by the federal government to break up any businesses that prohibited competition
act passed to help regulate corporations and limit them from becoming to powerful
interstate commerce act 1887
making railroads subjected to federal regulation
first independent regulating agency under the US government
spoil system
practice in which a political party after winning an election gives government jobs to their supporters
the gospel of wealth
written by Andrew Carnegie
argued that wealthy Americans had the responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good
Andrew Carnegie
gained a great fortune in the Steele industry
the gospel of wealth
gave away most of his money
(STEELE)
J.P Morgan
one of the most powerful bankers
financed railroads and helped organize us steele
john d Rockefeller
founder of the standard oil company
Cornelius Vanderbilt
shipping and railroads
became one of the largest steamship operators
built another empire in the railroad industry
Andrew Carnegie -
J.P Morgan -
John D Rockefeller -
Cornelius Vanderbilt -
- STEELE INDUSTRY
- BANKING
*OIL
*RAILROADS
new immigrants came from
russia, poland, hungary, greece
which immigrant had a harder time assimilating into american society
the new immigrant had a harder time because they did not speak english
did not intend to stay in the us/ didnt let go of thier culture
knights of labor and the american federation of labor
advocated for many issues surrounding the middle class
declined after the hay market square riot
the fair labor standards act
federal law passed in 1938 that established national wide standards for child labor and efficiently ended widespread child labor
haymarket strike
violence broke out between union workers and non union workers
labor unions suffered because of this
pacific railway act of 1862
authorized the construction of the first transcontinental railroad across the United States,
Wabash vs. Illinois
supreme court limited the rights of state to control interstate commerce
in response to the Wabash case congress enacted the interstate commerce act of 1867
railroads were subjected to regulation
the pullman strike
a nationwide railroad strike that took place in 1894, where workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago went on strike to protest significant wage cuts and high rents in the company-owned housing, leading to a major conflict between labor and management during the Gilded Age and ultimately resulting in federal intervention to break up the strike
the homestead act
settlers were entitled to acres of land as long as they took care of it
implemented to encourage settlers to move west
populism
big business threatened small farmers
Ocala demands: representatives of the farmers alliance met in flordia to propose political and economic reforms
1.) wanted to abolish national banks
2.) free silver
3.) federal regulation of railroads
4.) easier access to cheap credit
these issues were the core of the populist party
home of the grange
created to bring farmers together and improve farming methods
grange movement called for railroad regulation
illonios is the first tate to make regulations many followed after that
munn vs illonios
grander law is upheld
sets precedent for further regulation processes
establishes that states had the power to regulate business
granger laws
a series of state laws passed in the late 19th century that aimed to regulate the railroad industry and protect farmers from unfair practices like high freight rates
1896 election
between William McKinley and William Jennings
central issue of the election was the gold standard vs free silver
significance:
solidified the dominecne of the republican party for the next several decades
Ellis island
angel island
Americas largest and most active immigration station
served as the main immigration facility on the west coast many immigrants from the Chinese exclusion act were detained there
birds of passage
immigrants who came to the us for the economic opportunity and planned to return to thier country after saving
the Chinese exclusion act of 1882
first restriction on free immigration in the us
excluded Chinese laborers from the country
didn’t allow current Chinese laborers to be citizens
urbanization
the process when a growing percentage of the population moves from rural areas to the cities
tenement living: harsh living conditions, small apts, cramped, poorly lit, without plumbing, very prone to disease
patronage
after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends
What was the significance of the ‘Tweed Ring’ in relation to Gilded Age politics?
It was a corrupt political organization that controlled New York City politics
. How did Boss Tweed’s Tammany Hall political machine primarily maintain its power in New York City?
by depending on the power of the Government contracts, jobs and corruption
What was the primary impact of the Whiskey Ring scandal during President Grant’s administration?
It exposed corruption in tax collection
honest graft
practice of profiting personally from ones position of political power without breaking the law
What was the significance of the ‘Black Friday’ gold scandal of 1869?
It exposed attempts to manipulate the gold market
What role did ‘muckraking’ journalists play in exposing Gilded Age scandals?
They investigated and publicized social and political problems
