A.P US HISTORY - civil war quiz Flashcards
causes of the civil war
extension of slavery into new territories (Mexican american war)
the election of 1860 (Abe Lincoln)
sectionalism: north based on industry, south based on agriculture, divided opinion on slavery
federal government vs. state authority
homestead act of 1862
provided that any adult citizen who had never dissed the U.S govt. could claim 160 acres of land
the purpose was to entice people to move out west
pacific railway act of 1862
passed by congress to promote the construction of the transcontinental railroads
provide federal support for the building of railway lines
granted large tracts to railroad companies
Morrill act of 1862
act aimed to make higher education more accessible
act enable establishment of land-grant colleges
federal government provided each state with land which could be sold to raise funds for educational institutions
conscription act of 1863
act called for the registration of males between ages of 20 & 45 first wartime draft of U.S citizens
exemptions could be bought for $300
amendments
13th: abolished slavery in the US
14th: granted citizenship to everyone born in the U/S included formally enslaved people
15th: black males were given the right to vote
important events
(in order)
- election of 1860
*south Carolina secedes from the union
*Montgomery, Alabama conference
*Lincoln sworn into office
*NC, VA, TN, AR secede from the union
*Confederacy attacks fort Sumter
ex parte maryman
the court determined weather the president had the constitutional authority to suspend habeus corpus
john maryman
ex parte milligan
court determined weather the national govt. had the authority to substitute trial by military courts/ the court decided the fed govt could not establish military courts to try civilians except were civil courts were no longer functioning or in actual wartime
emancipation proclamation
January 1st 1863 Lincoln declared that all slaves within the rebellious states are free
allowed 200,000 African american males to fight for the union
freeman bureau: provided food, shelter, clothing, education, and medical attention to newly freed slaves
the battle of Antietam was the springboard to announce the emancipation proclamation
wade Davis bill
proposal for the Reconstruction of the south after the civil war
congress wanted to abolish slavery
50% of southern population take loyalty oath to the union
swear they never associated with the union
Lincoln veto this plan and tries to stick with 10% plan
implemented after the assassination of Lincoln
Andrew Jackson plan for reconstruction
- all land that had been confiscated by union army which was distributed to former slaves be returned to pre war owners
-disenfranchise the confederate leadership/ former confederate citizens that owned property
worth more than 20,000 - swear loyalty to the union
- pay off war debt
-wanted to reunite the country as quick as possible/ if states complied they would be admitted into the union
radical republican plan for reconstruction
south being broken up into 5 military districts commanded by union generals/troops for reinforcement
each formed confederate state was required to ratify the 15th amendment
new Reconstruction acts were passed
called for former Confederate states to draft new constitution & ratify the 14th amendment
-disenfranchise previous confederate leaders
* punish the south and ensure civil rights for African Americans
union advantages
the north was a strong industrial economy/ had the power to produce weapons, ammunition, supplies for the army
established government
bigger population
stronger and bigger navy
confederacy advantages
strong military leadership (Robert E. Lee)
fighting a defensive war
united cause: protect the institution of slavery
acts Lincoln implemented
- suspension of habeus corpus
- anaconda plan
- implementation of martial law
Lincolns plan for reconstruction
- southern states could rejoin the union once 10% of voters swore an oath to the union (10% plan)
- each state must abolish slavery
voters could then elect delegates to draft new state constitution and government
goal: reunify/ rebuild the union as quickly and painlessly as possible
didn’t want to push south for the war
the election of 1860
Lincoln wins 40% of the popular vote
Lincoln has upper hand because democrats split into northern and southern votes
no southern state voted for Lincoln
immediate cause of civil war
the election of 1864
In the 1864 election none of the states loyal to the Confederate States of America participated.
Abraham Lincoln was re-elected as president in 1864.
Lincoln ran against his former top Civil War general George B. McClellan
suspension of habeus corpus
your right to trial, you right to prove your innocence is taken away
implementation of martial law
military had the power to enforce the law override civilian government functions
anaconda plan
strategy used by union during the civil war gradually squeezing the south into submission
blockading southern ports, control of Mississippi
the compromise of 1877
an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Flordia
democrats agreed to accept Hayes presidency in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops
¨ O captain O captain¨
by Walt Whitman
written about the death of US president Abe Lincoln
border states
Maryland, west Virginia, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri
first bull run - july 1861
second bull run - august 1862
- south wins only positive for union: wake up call
-south wins/ south has momentum in civil war
battle of Antietam - September 1862
first out of the confines of the south (MARYLAND)
- the bloodiest 1 day battle in the civil war
-south retreats because they’re suffering to many casualties
-springboard to announce the emancipation proclamation
-Perceived as union victory because south retreats
-Fredericksburg - December 1862
-Chancellorsville - may 1863
*BOTH VICTORIES FOR SOUTH (VIRGINIA)
*lincoln fires 4 generals (poor military leadership)
Vicsburg - july 1863
Union victory for control of the Mississippi by general ulysius s. Grant
Grant unleashes total war: extending war to the civilian population to demoralize their want to fight
Gettysburg (pennslvania) - july 1863
TURNING POINT in the civil war, bloodiest battle in the civil war
Momentum swings towards the union
Copperheads-
northeners who wanted a quick end to the war
supported mclenen
Sherman’s march
through Georgia into S.C then N.C
total war
total war
destroying civilian property and infrastructure to cripple the Confederate economy and demoralize the Southern population
when & where does Lee surrender
Lee surrenders at Appomattox court house
April 19th, 1865
Lincoln killed April 15, 1865
Attack on federal government
John willis booth
Conspiracy (trying to knock out the line of republican presidential)
Whos going to take the power?
the power struggle between Johnson and congress includes which plans
Johnson’s plan
Radical republican plan
the election of 1876
Rutherford B Hayes
Samuel J. tilden
disputes between the southern states
electoral commission was formed giving Hayes all disputed electoral votes
the election of 1877
significant because it led to the end of reconstruction and led to the compromise of 1877
