AP Psychology Test #2 (Chapter 1) Flashcards
Wilhelm Wundt
German professor “founder of psychology”, he campaigned to make psychology its own discipline - independent of another school of thought, established the first formal psych laboratory in Leipzig, Austria in 1879
Margaret Floy Washburn
Cornell university student who published the book “The Animal Mind” which led to the school of Behaviorism
Sigmund Freud
introduced the unconscious
theory of personality
levels of awareness
internal conflicts
Psychosexual Stages
Leta Hollingworth
Hollingworth pioneered research on adolescent development, she coined the term “Gifted” and debunked historical theories that women were inferior with objective data
Carl Ransom Rogers
Rogers believed: “Humans are basically good, free to choose and seek personal growth”, humans have a fundamental drive towards personal growth (we need to evolve & fulfill our potentials), Many psychological disturbances are caused by blocking our need to fulfill potential and Person-Centered Therapy
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning. During his studies on the digestive systems of dogs, Pavlov noted that the animals salivated naturally upon the presentation of food.
Positive psychology
uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence focus on positive aspects of life (vs focusing on disorders)
studying happiness, love, passion etc
Humanism
is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
Psychiatry
is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
Empiricism
is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation and by extension, absolute proof
Evolutionary psychology
examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive volume for members of a species over the course of many generations.
Clinical Psychology
The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
Carl Jung
Jung was a swiss psychologist influenced by Freud, he created the analytical psychological school, splitting from Freud’s Psychoanalytical.
Cognition
refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
Culture
The widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations.
Functionalism
based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure
Critical thinking
Critical thinking is purposeful, reasoned, goal directed thinking that involves solving problems, formulating inferences, working with probabilities, and making carefully thought out decisions
Marvin Minsky
in biological school, worked in plasticity ( the ability of the nervous system to change its activity in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions, or connections. It weakens over time)
Granville Stanley Hall
American version of Wundt founded the APA (American Psychological Association)
Cognitive School Of psychology
Behaviour can only be studied through how people acquire, store, and process information cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
considered the father of behaviourism, he is known for the skinner box and discovered animals repeat actions with positive results
Martin Seligman
Discovered positive psychology with his daughter focused on the good parts of human existence
Edwin A. Locke
He believed in “Tabula Rosa” or “Blank Slate”, the belief that we are all born blank and are shaped by ones sensory experiences
