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SSIS - AP Psychology 2023-24 > AP Psychology - Test #1 (Chapter 12) > Flashcards

AP Psychology - Test #1 (Chapter 12) Flashcards

1
Q

Bystander affect

A

You are less likely to receive help in a crowd of people then a smaller group

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2
Q

Social inhibition

A

You give up/change aspects of yourself to be part of a group

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3
Q

Social facilitation

A

Certain aspects of ourselves plus our behaviors are encouraged by a group

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4
Q

How do conventionally attractive people have a hand up on the world, use three reasons

A
  1. Attractive people command more attention
  2. Attractive people are more likely to get higher paying job: better grades
  3. Are more trusted
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5
Q

Halo effect

A

interviewer allows positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements (one good thing means they definetely are a good person) if someone is attractive someone may assume they are intelligent or well kept

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6
Q

Kinds of stereotypes

A

Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Occupation
Economic class
Religion
Political affiliation
Social affiliation

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7
Q

Stereotypes are examples of (blank).

A

Representative hearistics (short cuts)
-probabilities
-Inaccurate representation
-Subjectively biased
based on expectations

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8
Q

What do people believe if someone is attractive

A

They assume they have intelligence and positive traits

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9
Q

Schemas

A

a mental framework that helps individuals organize, process, and store information about their environment. ex. your schema for your friend might include information about her appearance, her behaviors, her personality, and her preferences

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10
Q

Self serving bias

A

Taking credit for ones own positive behavior then blame outside behavior for ones negative actions

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11
Q

Modesty bias

A

Giving credit for positive outcomes plus taking credit for negative ones

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12
Q

Self handicapping strategy

A

When we set ourselves up for failure and then when we fail the task and create a situational explanation when failure happens

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13
Q

Spotlight effect

A

The tendency to think that more people notice small details about you than they do actually notice (acne, rips in jeans etc)

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14
Q

Interpersonal attraction

A

Refers to positive feelings towards another includes liking, friendship, admiration, and lust

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15
Q

Attribution process

A

Inferences or explanations we make about causes of events, the behavior of others and our own behavior

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16
Q

Memory is selective

A

We tend to recall facts that fit our stereotypes and ones that do not

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17
Q

actor-observer bias

A

the tendency to blame our actions on the situation and blame the actions of others on internal causes

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18
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

Our observation as observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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19
Q

foot in the door

A

when someone offers a very small offer at first so a larger offer in the future is more likely to go unnoticed

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20
Q

door in the face

A

negotiator makes a large request that will most likely be turned down then its easier for the negotiator to suggest a much smaller request

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21
Q

low ball / bait and switch

A

involves getting someone to listen to an attractive proposition before hidden costs are revealed (example car dealerships)

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22
Q

reciprocity norm

A

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them (the rule that we should receive in kind what give out to others)

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23
Q

Feigned Scarcity

A

Implying that a product is in scarce supply, even when it is not, in order to increase demand for it. (Government’s very commonly use this tactic)

24
Q

in group

A

a group that one identifies with and gets along with

25
outgroup
a group that one does not belong to or identify with
26
person perception
the process of forming impressions of others
27
Companionate Love
is warm, trusting, tolerant affection for another whose life is deeply intertwined with one's own
28
Passionate Love
A complete absorption in another which includes sexual feeling and the agony and ecstasy of intense emotions
29
Anxious Ambivalence in childhood
infant feels very anxious when separated from caretaker
30
what sort of romantic troubles later in life would someone may have if they had A.A.A as a kid?
romantic relations marked with uncertainty in the love of a partner as well as relations with insecurity and anxiety
30
Individualism
involves putting group goals behind ones own personal goals
31
Collectivism
involves putting group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to
32
mere exposure effect
repeated exposure to a stimulus creates greater interest in this stimulus (Example Smart Phones)
32
Conformity
occurs when people yield to real or imagined social pressure
32
Truth effect
simply repeating a statement causes it to be perceived as more valid or true
32
Classical Conditoning / Pavlovs bell
using a bell pavlov created conditioning for his dog to salivate when a bell was rang because this bell was used to indicate that meat powder would soon be revealed in front of the dog
33
social loafing
is a reduction in effort by individuals when they work in groups as compared with working alone
34
prejudice
is a negative attitude held toward members of a group
35
observational learning
if a father displays racism or homophobia in front of his son it is much more likely his son will grow up with similar opinions and beliefs
35
in Social Psychology a group is
a gathering that includes two or more people
36
Groupthink
the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.
36
Discrimination
involves behaving differently, usually unfairly, toward the members of a specific group
37
Micro aggressions
biased thoughts, attitudes, and feelings that exist at an unconscious level
37
Internal attributions
ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings
37
external attribution
The inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation he or she is in; the assumption is that most people would respond the same way in that situation
38
matching hypothesis
males and females of aprox equal physical attractiveness are likely to date each other
38
Reciprocity
liking people who show that they like you
39
attitudes
are positive or negative evaluations of objects of thought
40
explicit attitudes
attitudes that one holds consciously and can readily describe feeling an unconscious opinion on something
41
implicit attitudes
are covert attitudes that are expressed in subtle automatic responses over which one has little conscious control feeling a fully conscious opinion of something or someone
42
message
the information transmitted by the source
43
source
the person who sends a communication
44
cognitive dissonance
it is experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs, ideas, or values.
44
Receiver
The person to whom a message is sent.
45
normative influence
when people conform to social norms because of fear for negative social consequences, ex. a group of people all think wearing yellow is strange so you chose to not wear yellow even though you like the colour
46
informational influence
when people look to others on how they should act in negative situations, ex. if you walk into a class late and someone is drawing the diagram which on the board you may start drawing the diagram instead of asking the teacher just from the action of using this other person as a source of information
47
Group polarisation
when a large group shares a similar opinion on a topic so the conversation is swayed to a more in depth discussion of that topic (ex if a lot of people in group believe in pro choice the conversation then goes much deeper into that discussion then it would if only one or two people believed in pro choice

SSIS - AP Psychology 2023-24 (11 decks)

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