(3/19/24) Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Paul Ekman?

A

he observed facial expressions from many cultures and found no matter where two different people are from, they still have almost identical similarities of expression for certain emotions

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2
Q

which side of the brain processes negative emotions

A

right brain

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3
Q

which side of the brain processes positive emotions

A

left brain

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4
Q

Cannon Bard Theory

A

to tremble and feel afraid at the same time physiological response and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously

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5
Q

when is the amygdala most active?

A

when processing negative emotions especially fear

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6
Q

Type A behavior

A

most likely is competitive, has a sense of time urgency and elevated feelings of anger and hostility

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7
Q

Type B behavior

A

low level of competitiveness, low preoccupation with time issues and generally very easy going attitude

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8
Q

how do Type A people react in a way that is negative for them

A

act in ways that tend to increase the likelihood they will have stressful experiences seeking jobs, or tasks that are found to be very demanding

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9
Q

how do Type B people act in a way that is positive for them

A

get stressed much more slowly stress levels do not reach same heights as someone who is type A

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10
Q

what does evidence show about type A behavior patterns

A

people with type A behavior patterns are more susceptible to stress related diseases, including heart attacks even so they may survive these diseases more frequently then someone with type B behavior patterns

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11
Q

what did Richard Lazarus develop?

A

created a cognitive theory about how we respond to stress. In his approach someone looks at an event and determines whether or not it is stressful this is called primary appraisal

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12
Q

why is stress in higher levels bad?

A

stress in higher levels can actively cause things like higher risk of heart attacks or other painful diseases (example a study looked at accountants and monitored their health the study found all the accountants had much higher levels of risk of heart attack in the weeks right before tax day)

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13
Q

why is the instinct theory misguided?

A

because the presence of a tendency does not always mean that tendency should be there

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14
Q

incentives

A

the positive or negative stimuli which entice us or totally repel us (food

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15
Q

instinct

A

complex unlearned behaviors which have a fixed pattern throughout a species (dog shakes fur when wet, salmon always return to the river they were hatched in)

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16
Q

what does drive reduction do/help doing that is very important?

A

drive reduction helps to maintain your bodies homeostasis

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17
Q

instinct theory

A

all humans are evolutionary designed in a way that helps them survive.

18
Q

optimal arousal theory

A

we are motivated to avoid boredom and stress at the same time

19
Q

what qualities are on Maslow’s physiological tier of his needs hierarchy?

A

food, water, air, and moderate temperatures

20
Q

what is Maslow’s second most important hierarchy of need?

A

safety

21
Q

what is Maslow’s third most important hierarchy of need?

A

belonging and love

22
Q

what is Maslow’s fourth most important tier on his hierarchy of needs?

A

esteem

23
Q

what is Maslow’s fifth most important hierarchy of need?

A

Self-actualization

24
Q

self actualization

A

the complete realization of one’s potential and the full development of one’s abilities and appreciation for life (living to your highest potential)

25
Q

what is Maslow’s sixth most important hierarchy of need?

A

self-transcendence (spiritual growth)

26
Q

what is the correct order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Belonging and love
  4. esteem
  5. self actualization
  6. self transcendence (spiritual growth)
27
Q

what three big motivators have the most power?

A

sex, hunger, and the need to belong

28
Q

what role does the amygdala play?

A

plays a key role in identifying and expressing fear & aggression.

29
Q

glucose

A

form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

30
Q

what is the role of ghrelin?

A

hunger hormone

31
Q

what is motivation?

A

defined as a need or desire that serves to energize or direct behavior or to achieve a goal (example feeling a strong need to be an activist after seeing a ted talk about climate change)

32
Q

what does evolutionary theory dictate/state in the context of motivation

A

animals are motivated to act around their basic needs which are critical to survival of the organism, organism needs food, water, and sleep and reproductive behavior (example organism needs

33
Q

what are the primary drives?

A

Innate drives which cannot be taught. Hunger, Thirst, sleep, and sex/reproduction

34
Q

what are the secondary drives?

A

(can be learned by conditioning) desire to obtain learned reinforcers like money or social acceptance.

35
Q

what four primary theories explain the link between neurophysiology and motivated behavior

A

Instinct theory, Arousal theory, opponent process theory, and drive reduction theory

36
Q

what system plays an important role in motivated behavior? and why is the dopamine that comes from that important

A

the limbic system specifically nucleus accumbens, and the dopamine must be associated with reward seeking behavior

36
Q

arousal theory

A

the main reason people are motivated to perform any action is to maintain an ideal level of psychological arousal

37
Q

Yerkes Dodson Law

A

tasks with medium level of difficulty create the highest level of performance

38
Q

opponent process theory

A

a theory of motivation that is interlinked to the concept of addiction, stating we start at a motivational base line were we are not motivated to act

after repeated exposure to stimulus its emotional affects begin to wear off (someone who drinks feeling less over time and building a higher and higher tolerance)

39
Q

drive reduction theory

A

psychological needs put stress on the body and we are motivated to reduce this negative experience

39
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of balance when the balance shifts we are motivated to right the balance (examples, gas light blinking on car when you have run out of fuel, feeling hungry when you have not eaten for a while

39
Q

Palatability

A

the better the taste the more consumption