(3/19/24)

Question 1

Who is Paul Ekman?

Answer 1

he observed facial expressions from many cultures and found no matter where two different people are from, they still have almost identical similarities of expression for certain emotions

Question 2

which side of the brain processes negative emotions

Answer 2

right brain

Question 3

which side of the brain processes positive emotions

Answer 3

left brain

Question 4

Cannon Bard Theory

Answer 4

to tremble and feel afraid at the same time physiological response and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously

Question 5

when is the amygdala most active?

Answer 5

when processing negative emotions especially fear

Question 6

Type A behavior

Answer 6

most likely is competitive, has a sense of time urgency and elevated feelings of anger and hostility

Question 7

Type B behavior

Answer 7

low level of competitiveness, low preoccupation with time issues and generally very easy going attitude

Question 8

how do Type A people react in a way that is negative for them

Answer 8

act in ways that tend to increase the likelihood they will have stressful experiences seeking jobs, or tasks that are found to be very demanding

Question 9

how do Type B people act in a way that is positive for them

Answer 9

get stressed much more slowly stress levels do not reach same heights as someone who is type A

Question 10

what does evidence show about type A behavior patterns

Answer 10

people with type A behavior patterns are more susceptible to stress related diseases, including heart attacks even so they may survive these diseases more frequently then someone with type B behavior patterns

Question 11

what did Richard Lazarus develop?

Answer 11

created a cognitive theory about how we respond to stress. In his approach someone looks at an event and determines whether or not it is stressful this is called primary appraisal

Question 12

why is stress in higher levels bad?

Answer 12

stress in higher levels can actively cause things like higher risk of heart attacks or other painful diseases (example a study looked at accountants and monitored their health the study found all the accountants had much higher levels of risk of heart attack in the weeks right before tax day)

Question 13

why is the instinct theory misguided?

Answer 13

because the presence of a tendency does not always mean that tendency should be there

Question 14

incentives

Answer 14

the positive or negative stimuli which entice us or totally repel us (food

Question 15

instinct

Answer 15

complex unlearned behaviors which have a fixed pattern throughout a species (dog shakes fur when wet, salmon always return to the river they were hatched in)

Question 16

what does drive reduction do/help doing that is very important?

Answer 16

drive reduction helps to maintain your bodies homeostasis

Question 17

instinct theory

Answer 17

all humans are evolutionary designed in a way that helps them survive.

Question 18

optimal arousal theory

Answer 18

we are motivated to avoid boredom and stress at the same time

Question 19

what qualities are on Maslow’s physiological tier of his needs hierarchy?

Answer 19

food, water, air, and moderate temperatures

Question 20

what is Maslow’s second most important hierarchy of need?

Answer 20

safety

Question 21

what is Maslow’s third most important hierarchy of need?

Answer 21

belonging and love

Question 22

what is Maslow’s fourth most important tier on his hierarchy of needs?

Answer 22

esteem

Question 23

what is Maslow’s fifth most important hierarchy of need?

Answer 23

Self-actualization

Question 24

self actualization

Answer 24

the complete realization of one’s potential and the full development of one’s abilities and appreciation for life (living to your highest potential)

Question 25

what is Maslow’s sixth most important hierarchy of need?

Answer 25

self-transcendence (spiritual growth)

Question 26

what is the correct order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 26

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Belonging and love
4. esteem
5. self actualization
6. self transcendence (spiritual growth)

Question 27

what three big motivators have the most power?

Answer 27

sex, hunger, and the need to belong

Question 28

what role does the amygdala play?

Answer 28

plays a key role in identifying and expressing fear & aggression.

Question 29

glucose

Answer 29

form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues

Question 30

what is the role of ghrelin?

Answer 30

hunger hormone

Question 31

what is motivation?

Answer 31

defined as a need or desire that serves to energize or direct behavior or to achieve a goal (example feeling a strong need to be an activist after seeing a ted talk about climate change)

Question 32

what does evolutionary theory dictate/state in the context of motivation

Answer 32

animals are motivated to act around their basic needs which are critical to survival of the organism, organism needs food, water, and sleep and reproductive behavior (example organism needs

Question 33

what are the primary drives?

Answer 33

Innate drives which cannot be taught. Hunger, Thirst, sleep, and sex/reproduction

Question 34

what are the secondary drives?

Answer 34

(can be learned by conditioning) desire to obtain learned reinforcers like money or social acceptance.

Question 35

what four primary theories explain the link between neurophysiology and motivated behavior

Answer 35

Instinct theory, Arousal theory, opponent process theory, and drive reduction theory

Question 36

what system plays an important role in motivated behavior? and why is the dopamine that comes from that important

Answer 36

the limbic system specifically nucleus accumbens, and the dopamine must be associated with reward seeking behavior

Question 36

arousal theory

Answer 36

the main reason people are motivated to perform any action is to maintain an ideal level of psychological arousal

Question 37

Yerkes Dodson Law

Answer 37

tasks with medium level of difficulty create the highest level of performance

Question 38

opponent process theory

Answer 38

a theory of motivation that is interlinked to the concept of addiction, stating we start at a motivational base line were we are not motivated to act

after repeated exposure to stimulus its emotional affects begin to wear off (someone who drinks feeling less over time and building a higher and higher tolerance)

Question 39

drive reduction theory

Answer 39

psychological needs put stress on the body and we are motivated to reduce this negative experience

Question 39

homeostasis

Answer 39

a state of balance when the balance shifts we are motivated to right the balance (examples, gas light blinking on car when you have run out of fuel, feeling hungry when you have not eaten for a while

Question 39

Palatability

Answer 39

the better the taste the more consumption