AP Psych Unit 9

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 2

Aggression

Answer 2

physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

Question 3

Asch Conformity/Line Experiment

Answer 3

experiment designed to test how peer pressure to conform would influence the judgment and individuality of a test subject; found people were willing to ignore reality and give an incorrect answer in order to conform to the rest of the group.

Question 4

Altruism

Answer 4

unselfish regard for the welfare of others.

Question 5

Attribution Theory

Answer 5

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition (personality/temperament/etc…)

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

(Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.

Question 7

Deindividuation

Answer 7

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Question 8

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 8

a mental conflict that occurs when your beliefs don’t line up with your actions. It’s an uncomfortable state of mind when someone has contradictory values, attitudes, or perspectives. We tend to rationalize our actions & change our attitudes NOT our behaviors.

Question 9

Conformity

Answer 9

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Question 10

Door-in-the-face Phenomenon

Answer 10

Tendency for people who have first refused a large request to comply later with a smaller request.

Question 11

Ethnocentricism

Answer 11

evaluation of other cultures according to the standards and customs of one’s own culture

Question 12

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

Answer 12

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. (If they agree to give you $1.00, maybe they will agree to give you $5.00)

Question 13

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 13

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.

Question 14

Groupthink

Answer 14

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Question 15

Ingroup Bias

Answer 15

the tendency to favor our own group.

Question 16

Ingroup

Answer 16

“Us”—people with whom we share a common identity.

Question 17

Just-World Phenomenon

Answer 17

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Question 18

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 18

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.

Question 19

Milgram Experiment

Answer 19

a psychologist at Yale University, conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience.

Question 20

Norm

Answer 20

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. They prescribe “proper” behavior.

Question 21

Outgroup

Answer 21

“Them”—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.

Question 22

Prejudice

Answer 22

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.

Question 23

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 23

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. (We reciprocate good behavior)

Question 24

Scapegoat Theory

Answer 24

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

Question 25

Social Facilitation

Answer 25

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. )We do better when we have an audience .)

Question 26

Social Loafing

Answer 26

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.

Question 27

Stereotype

Answer 27

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.

Question 28

Superordinate Goals

Answer 28

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation; (BIG PICTURE IDEA - SHARED GOALS that override conflict.)

Question 29

Peripheral Route Persuasion

Answer 29

influences people by way of incidental cues, like a speaker’s physical attractiveness or personal reliability. (We are more easily influenced by a person we find attractive or smart)

Question 30

Outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer 30

the assumption that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup

Question 31

Outgroup bias

Answer 31

the tendency to have negative attitudes towards outgroup members

Question 32

Other-race effect

Answer 32

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias.

Question 33

Bystander Effect

Answer 33

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.

Question 34

Conflict

Answer 34

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.

Question 35

Social trap

Answer 35

a situtaion in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 36

Mirror-image prophecy

Answer 36

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

Question 37

Social Inhibition

Answer 37

the tendency t perform complex or difficult tasks more poorly in the presence of others

Question 38

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 38

reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others

Question 39

Prisoner’s dilemma

Answer 39

a game in which pursuing dominant strategies results in noncooperation that leaves everyone worse off

Question 40

Self-serving bias

Answer 40

the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors

Question 41

False consensus effect

Answer 41

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

Question 42

Confirmation bias

Answer 42

a tendency to search for info that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.

Question 43

Halo effect

Answer 43

the tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client’s behavior and statements

Question 44

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer 44

a theory of how persuasive messages lead to attitude changes

Question 45

Triangular Theory of Love

Answer 45

model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components

Question 46

Philip Zimbardo

Answer 46

Social Psychologist that conducted Stanford Prison Experiment; college students were randomly assigned to roles of prisoners or guards in a study that looked at who social situations influence behavior; showed that people’s behavior depends to a large extent on the roles they are asked to play

Question 47

Leon Festinger

Answer 47

cognitive dissonance theory

Question 48

Robert Sternberg

Answer 48

intelligence; devised the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence (academic problem-solving, practical, and creative) and the Triangular Theory of Love