AP Psych Unit 6

Question 1

What is the capacity for long-term memory?

Answer 1

Limitless

Question 2

Part of the brain that lays down new explicit memories (names or events)

Answer 2

Hippocampus

Question 3

Type of memories the cerebellum form

Answer 3

Implicit memory

Question 4

What happens to memories while we sleep?

Answer 4

Memories processed later for retrieval

Question 5

Memories formed by the basal ganglia

Answer 5

Procedural memory for skills

Question 6

A clear memory of an emotionally significant event or moment

Answer 6

Flashbulb memory

Question 7

What part of the brain is involved in emotional memories, like flashbulb memories?

Answer 7

Hippocampus

Question 8

An increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be the neural basis for learning and memory

Answer 8

Long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 9

Three measures of retention

Answer 9

Recall, recognition, relearning

Question 10

Retrieving info that isn’t currently in your conscious awareness but was learned at an earlier time (ex. Fill in the blank)

Answer 10

Recall

Question 11

Identifying items previously learned (ex. Multichoice question)

Answer 11

Recognition

Question 12

Learning something a second time faster than when the material was originally used. (ex. Studying for exam)

Answer 12

Relearning

Question 13

Showed the more frequently you practice something, the less practice you’ll need to relearn it; forgetting initially is rapid, but levels off as time goes on

Answer 13

Ebbinghaus’ Learning Experiments

Question 14

Activation, often unconsciously, of associations in memory

Answer 14

Priming

Question 15

What we learn in one state may be easier to remember when we are again in that state

Answer 15

State-dependent memory

Question 16

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent w/ one’s good or bad moods (when in bad mood we remember bad events easier)

Answer 16

Mood-congruent memory

Question 17

People remembering things at the beginning of a list (primacy) or at the end of a list (regency) rather than the middle

Answer 17

Serial position effect

Question 18

2 examples of retrieval cues

Answer 18

Mood and surroundings

Question 19

Two parts of the brain that are most involved in explicit memory

Answer 19

Hippocampus and frontal lobe

Question 20

Inability to form new memories

Answer 20

Anterograde amnesia

Question 21

Inability to retrieve info from one’s past (monster dude)

Answer 21

Retrograde amnesia

Question 22

Disruptive effect for prior learning on the recall of new info (not knowing your new phone # b/c you keep remembering old one)

Answer 22

Proactive interference

Question 23

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from conscious anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories (Freud 😒)

Answer 23

Repression

Question 24

A process in which stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

Answer 24

Reconsolidation

Question 25

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event (Elizabeth Loftus)

Answer 25

Misinformation effect

Question 26

Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined 

Answer 26

Source amnesia

Question 27

Eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before”, cues from current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier even

Answer 27

Deja vu

Question 28

What controversy exists regarding repressed or constructed memories of abuse? (Chilton)

Answer 28

Therapist “recovered” memories

Question 29

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Answer 29

Memory

Question 30

The processing of information into the memory system

Answer 30

Encoding

Question 31

The process of retaining encoded information overtime

Answer 31

Storage

Question 32

The process of getting info out of memory storage

Answer 32

Retrieval

Question 33

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously

Answer 33

Parallel processing

Question 34

Immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system

Answer 34

Sensory memory

Question 35

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before info is stored or forgotten

Answer 35

Short-term memory

Question 36

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

Answer 36

Long-term memory

Question 37

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and 'declare'

Answer 37

Explicit memory

Question 38

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 38

Effortful processing

Question 39

Unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time, and freq. as well as well-learned info, such as word meanings

Answer 39

Automatic processing

Question 40

the information that we do not store purposely and is unintentionally memorized

Answer 40

Implicit memory

Question 41

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second (OTTFFSSENT)

Answer 41

Iconic memory

Question 42

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

Answer 42

Echoic memory

Question 43

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Answer 43

Chunking

Question 44

Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 44

Mnemonics

Question 45

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 45

Spacing effect

Question 46

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

Answer 46

Testing effect

Question 48

Memory of a specific event (episode; vivid memory)

Answer 48

Episodic memory

Question 49

Skill memory (ex. typing)

Answer 49

Procedural memory

Question 50

General knowledge, facts

Answer 50

General (semantic) memory

Question 51

Elaborative rehearsal (meaning and memory demo)

Answer 51

Maintenance Rehearsal

Question 52

Improved recall of specific events when subject is in place where memory was formed (ex. Abigail cabin)

Answer 52

Context-dependent memory

Question 53

state in which one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning (ex. the state capitals)

Answer 53

Tip of Tongue (TOT) phenomenon

Question 54

Remembering an event better when you're in the same state that you were during the episode (Graham during Chilton's sessions)

Answer 54

State-dependent memory

Question 55

Mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge

Answer 55

Cognition

Question 56

Manipulation of mental representations to draw inferences and conclusions

Answer 56

Thinking

Question 57

Mental category we form to group objects, events or situations that share common characteristics

Answer 57

Concept

Question 58

Natural Concept

Answer 58

Formed by everyday experiences and don't have strict boundaries (common sense)

Question 59

Rigid rules or features that define a particular concept. (Ex. Formal definitions for solids, liquids and gases)

Answer 59

Formal Concept

Question 60

Mental representation of an object or event not physically present

Answer 60

Mental image

Question 61

A model or mental image, a typical best example of a particular thing

Answer 61

Prototype

Question 62

Narrowing problem solutions to the single best solution- focused on finding a particular answer to the problem

Answer 62

Convergent thinking

Question 63

Thinking creatively to generate as many possible answers to the problem that you can (Brainstorming)

Answer 63

Divergent Thinking

Question 64

Ability to create new and useful ideas

Answer 64

Creativity

Question 65

Expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment

Answer 65

5 Components of thinking

Question 66

Memory that allows for cognitive processes and contains general knowledge of information

Answer 66

Semantic memory