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AP Psych > AP Psych Master Deck > Flashcards

AP Psych Master Deck Flashcards

CRAAAMMMIIIINGGGG (KILLING MSYELF)

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1
Q

Several types of tests measure various elements of human behavior such as abilities, interests, personality

P: Gain direct insight into parts of a person’s behavior
C: Doesn’t provide accurate rep. of person’s abilities/personality

A

Testing Method

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2
Q

conduct in-depth investigations of individual persons/small groups

P: insight into specific cases
C: isolated circumstances that can’t be replicated; may distort experience; unintentionally encouraging to answer in a certain way

A

Case-Study Method

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3
Q

group observed at intervals over extended period of time
P: enable researchers to see change overtime
C: time-consuming, $$$

A

Longitudinal method

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4
Q

compare diff. and similarities among ppl. in diff age groups at given time

P: less time-consuming than longitudinal method
C: diff. between members can’t be contributed to age/development

A

cross-sectional method

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5
Q

observe behavior of ppl./animals in natural habitat

P: witnesses people in non-artificial settings
C: no control over setting/events that occur

A

Naturalistic-observation method

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6
Q

administer a treatment, then observe participants to show how treatment influences behavior, if at all

P: able to manipulate variables to determine cause/effect; lab setting enables researcher to monitor and record all stages of the experiment

C: lab may not reflect real-life conditions; volunteer bias, researcher bias, placebo effect

A

Experimental method

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6
Q

Participants observed in lab settings

P: enables researchers to control certain aspects of the study
C: labs can’t duplicate real-life environments

A

laboratory-observation method

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7
Q

peoople respond to series of qs ab specific subject

P: enables info gathered ab large # of ppl.
C: ppl. not honest; survey samples not rep. of population as a whole

A

survey method

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8
Q

unconscious mind plays role in everything;
jung, adler, freud
unconscious, unresolved repressed past issues

A

psychodynamic

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9
Q

behavior is the result of reinforcement, punishment, and observation
often we mimic our parents’ or friends’ depression; we like the attention

skinner, pavlov, bandura, thorndike, watson

A

behaviorism

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10
Q

focuses on unique humans issues such as self hope, love, creativity, nature, being, individuality
barriers to self actualization, ideal self and actual self not in congurence

rogers; maslow

A

humanism

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11
Q

how ppl. perceive remember, think, speak, and solve problems
irrational thoughts lead to depression and anxiety
piaget, chomsky, baddeley, ellis

A

cognitive

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12
Q

we’re result of 1000 yrs. of adaptation, survival of the fittest; anxiety is a defense mechanism learned in the wild; darwin

A

evolutionary

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13
Q

focus on bio and medicinal treatments; medical model, imbalance of NTMs, genetics, hormones, brain structure

A

biomedical

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14
Q

what is being tested in an experiment; stands alone and can’t be altered by other variables in an experiment; the cause

A

independent variable

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15
Q

what is being measured in an experiment; effect in the research study; the effect

A

dependent variable

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16
Q

language and logic side of the brain

A

left brain

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17
Q

creativity and spatial awareness

A

right brain

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18
Q

connector of the two brain hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

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19
Q

covers the brain; the outermost brain later

A

cerebral cortex

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20
Q

turns on the fight or flight; loss of appetite, sweats and shakes, nerves

A

sympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

turn off/calm fight or flight; calming down, drowsiness

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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22
Q

chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the body; in the nervous system

A

neurotransmitters

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23
Q

chemical messengers released from endocrine glands that travel through the blood system to influence the nervous system to regulate behaviors such as aggression, mating, and parenting of individuals; ENDOCRINE*

A

hormones

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24
Q

stimulates hunger; feeding center; GABA*** think yo gabba gabba makes u hungry

A

lateral hypothalamus

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25
Q

hunger suppressing; glucose regulation; think the rat that kept venting food in its mouth when this got damaged

A

ventromedial hypothalamus

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26
Q

speech production; makes words; when this region is damaged speech is slurred
think boca like mouth in spanish

A

broca’s area

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27
Q
A
28
Q

region of brain for comprehending words

A

wernicke’s area

29
Q

same fertilized egg– same egg; identical DNA

A

identical twins

30
Q

two separate eggs shared space in womb during development

A

fraternal twins

31
Q

sensory neurons; bring outside info from outside world to body then brain;

hearing, smell, taste, pain, temp

A

afferent neurons

32
Q

motor; brain to body; carry signals from brain to peripheral nervous system (PNS) to do action; effy

A

efferent neurons

33
Q

process of understanding concepts/ideas during development

ex. all four-legged animals are “doggies”

A

assimiltion

34
Q

occurs when new info causes you to modify existing schemas, adjusting view
term by piaget

A

accomodation

35
Q

logical thinking; cog stages 7-11 by piaget, mastering use of logic in concrete ways

ex. child now understanding that a piece of chalk is still same chalk amt. even if broken in 2

A

concrete operations

36
Q

philosophical thinking; piaget cog stages 12-18, abstract thoughts and ideas in head

A

formal operations

37
Q

bottom-up processing; brain interpretation of five senses

A

sensation

38
Q

top-down processing; based on prior knowledge, making sense of info

A

perception

39
Q

night vision; work well in low light

A

rods

40
Q

color vision; opponent pairs– color perception

A

cones

41
Q

involuntary; conditioned response paired with specific stimuli, straight-forward
ex.pavlov’s dogs

A

classical conditioning

42
Q

voluntary; a method of learning that uses reward/punishment to modify behavior, behavior rewarded is repeated behavior punished is diminished

A

operant conditioning

43
Q

first items remembered in a list; think definition of wordd that means main/most important

A

primacy effect

44
Q

last items remembered; think latest items

A

recency effect

45
Q

loss of newest information learned; information interfered; think prefix ‘pro’ and its implications

A

proactive interference

46
Q

loss of oldest info; think prefix that means ‘old’

A

retroactive interference

47
Q

non-declarative; skills memory; unintentionally memorized/subconscious

ex. typing on a keyboard

A

implicit memory

48
Q

declarative; facts; remembering intentionally

A

explicit memory

49
Q

remembering specific information without any clues on retrieving it

ex. remembering title of a book read last week, the temp of boiling water

A

recall

50
Q

remembering specific information with an assistive clue
ex. seeing a specific face and trying to remember the name

A

recognition

51
Q

step-by-step procedure that provides right answer to specific problem; computer-esque; the long route

A

algorithm

52
Q

rule-of-thumb; mental shortcut, to solve issue w minimal effort

A

heuristic

53
Q

stereotypes; mental shortcut we use when estimating probabilities
ex. thinking someone that holds a briefcase while wearing suit and tie is lawyer, bc we imagine lawyers like that

A

representative heuristics

54
Q

based on the available info; mental shortcut we make based on emotional cues, familiar facts, and vivid images
ex. if falling airplane parts or shark attacks are a more likely cause of death in the United States, most people would say shark attacks; untrue!

A

availability heuristics

55
Q

basic sound units that distinguish one word from another
ex. p, b, d, t in the words pad, bad, pat, and bat

A

phonemes

56
Q

basic units of meaning; units of language that cannot be defined further; morph word together
ex. incoming: the words in, come, -ing forming incoming

A

morphemes

57
Q

processing speed; ability to think quickly, reason, and solve problems independent of previously acquired knowledge; cattell

A

fluid intelligence

58
Q

acquired knowledge; vocabulary and reasoning based on acquired info

A

crystallized intelligence

59
Q

test measures what it should be measuring, accuracy of study even outside of context of study

A

validity

60
Q

same scores on a retest; consistency of findings via psych research

A

reliability

61
Q

what you’ve learned; measures skills + knowledge learned in a given grade lvl.

A

achievement test

62
Q

assessing what a person may be capable of doing or predict how successful they could be

A

aptitude test

63
Q

motivated by personal satisfaction; internal drive wo outside influence; closely related to internal locus of control

A

intrinsic motivation

64
Q

motivated by rewards; money, grades, closely related to external locus of control

A

extrinsic motivation

65
Q

democratic/intrinsic; theory that people are self-motivated by the challenge of work

A

theory Y

66
Q

rewards or punishment/extrinsic,theory that people dislike work and have little ambition, unwilling to take responsibility

think gen X

A

theory X

67
Q
A

AP Psych (9 decks)

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