AP Human Geo: Chapter 13 Flashcards
- Annexation
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States.
- Census Tract
An area delineated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; urban areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.
- Central Business District
(CBD) The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.
- City
An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit.
- Combined Statistical Area
(CSA) In the United States, two or more contiguous core based statistical areas tied together by commuting patterns.
- Concentric Zone Model
A model of the intern structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
- Core Based Statistical Area
(CBSA) In the Untied States, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan areas.
- Council of Government
A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States.
- Density Gradient
The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery.
- Edge City
A large node or office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
- Filtering
A process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.
- Food Desert
An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain.
- Gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner occupied area.
- Greenbelt
A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
- Megalopolis
A continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States.
- Metropolitan Statistical Area
(MSA) In the United States, an urbanized area of at lease 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.
- Micropolitan Statistical Area
(μSAs) An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the country in which it is found, and adjacent countries tied to the city.
- Multiple Nuclei Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.
- Peripheral Model
A model of North America urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.
- Primary Census Statistical Area
(PCSA) In the United States, all of the combined statistical areas plus of the remaining statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas.
- Public Housing
Housing owned by the government; in the United States, it is rented to residents with low incomes, and the rents are set at 30 percent of the families’ incomes.
- Redlining
A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries.
- Rush Hour
The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.
- Sector Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district.
- Smart Growth
Legislation and regulation to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland.
- Social Area Analysis
Statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle within an urban area.
- Sprawl
Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area.
- Squatter Settlement
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people legally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
- Underclass
A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics.
- Urban Area
A dense core of census tracts, densely settled suburbs, and low-density land that links the dense suburbs with the core.
- Urban Cluster
In the United States, an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants.
- Zoning Ordinance
A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community.
