AP Human Geo: Chapter 12 Flashcards
- Basic Industries
Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement.
- Business Services
Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
- Central Place
A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
- Central Place Theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as center of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
- City-State
A sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate surrounding countryside.
- Clustered Rural Settlement
A rural settlement in which the houses and farm building of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement.
- Consumer Services
Business that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services.
- Dispersed Rural Settlement
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
- Economic Base
A community’s collection of basic industries.
- Enclosure Movement
The process of consolidating small landholdings into smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.
- Gravity Model
A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.
- Market Area (or Hinterland)
The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and service.
- Nonbasic Industries
Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community.
- Primate City
The largest settlement in the country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
- Primate City Rule
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.
- Public Services
Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses.
- Range (of Services)
The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.
- Rank-size Rule
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.
- Service
An activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it.
- Settlement
A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants.
- Threshhold
The maximum number of people needed to support a service.
- Urbanization
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements.
