AP Human Geo: Chapter 10

Question 1

253. Agribusiness

Answer 1

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

Question 2

254. Agricultural Revolution

Answer 2

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.

Question 3

255. Aquaculture

Answer 3

(Aquafarming) The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.

Question 4

256. Cereal Grain

Answer 4

(Cereal) A grass that yields grain or food.

Question 5

257. Commercial Agriculture

Answer 5

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

Question 6

258. Crop Rotation

Answer 6

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.

Question 7

259. Desertification

Answer 7

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation.

Question 8

260. Dietary Energy Consumption

Answer 8

The amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories (Calories in the United States).

Question 9

261. Double Cropping

Answer 9

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

Question 10

262. Food Security

Answer 10

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

Question 11

263. Green Revolution

Answer 11

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

Question 12

264. Horticultural

Answer 12

The growing of fruits, vegetable, and flowers.

Question 13

265. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 13

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

Question 14

266. Milkshed

Answer 14

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

Question 15

267. Paddy

Answer 15

The Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.

Question 16

268. Pastoral Nomadism

Answer 16

A for of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

Question 17

269. Pasture

Answer 17

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.

Question 18

270. Plantation

Answer 18

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale.

Question 19

271. Prime Agricultural Land

Answer 19

The most productive farmland.

Question 20

272. Ranching

Answer 20

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

Question 21

273. Ridge Tillage

Answer 21

A system of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

Question 22

274. Sawah

Answer 22

A flooded field for growing rice.

Question 23

275. Shifting Cultivation

Answer 23

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

Question 24

276. Slash-and Burn Agriculture

Answer 24

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

Question 25

277. Spring Wheat

Answer 25

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.

Question 26

278. Subsistence Agriculture

Answer 26

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family.

Question 27

279. Sustainable Agriculture

Answer 27

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.

Question 28

280. Swidden

Answer 28

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

Question 29

281. Thresh

Answer 29

To beat out grain form stalks.

Question 30

282. Transhumance

Answer 30

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

Question 31

283. Truck Farming

Answer 31

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning “bartering” or “exchanging of commodities.”

Question 32

284. Undernourishment

Answer 32

Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity.

Question 33

285. Wet Rice

Answer 33

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.

Question 34

286. Winnow

Answer 34

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.

Question 35

287. Winter Wheat

Answer 35

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer.