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Human Geography > AP Human Geo: Chapter 11 > Flashcards

AP Human Geo: Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Acid Deposition
A

Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted by burning fossil fuels, that enter the atmosphere - where they combine with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid - and return to Earth’s surface.

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2
Q
  1. Acid Precipitation
A

Conversion of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides to acids that return to Earth as rain, snow, or fog.

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3
Q
  1. Air Pollution
A

Concentration of trace substances, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and solid particulates, at a greater level than occurs in average air.

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4
Q
  1. Apparel
A

An article of clothing.

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5
Q
  1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
A

(BOD) The amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given load of organic waste; a measure of water pollution.

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6
Q
  1. Break-of-Bulk Point
A

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

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7
Q
  1. Bulk-Gaining Industry
A

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.

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8
Q
  1. Bulk-Reducing Industry
A

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.

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9
Q
  1. Chlorofluorocarbon
A

(CFC) A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers.

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10
Q
  1. Cottage Industry
A

Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, commonly found prior to the Industrial Revolution.

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11
Q
  1. Ferrous
A

Metals, including iron, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel.

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12
Q
  1. Fordist Production
A

A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

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13
Q
  1. Greenhouse Effect
A

The anticipated increase in Earth’s temperature caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted bu the surface.

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14
Q
  1. Industrial Revolution
A

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

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15
Q
  1. Just-in-Time Delivery
A

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.

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16
Q
  1. Labor-Intensive Industry
A

An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

17
Q
  1. Maquiladora
A

A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.

18
Q
  1. New International Division of Labor
A

Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.

19
Q
  1. Nonferrous
A

Metals utilized to make products other than iron and steel.

20
Q
  1. Nonpoint-Source Pollution
A

Pollution that originates from a large, diffuse area of a body of water.

21
Q
  1. Outsourcing
A

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.

22
Q
  1. Ozone
A

A gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation, found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 50 kilometers (9 to 30 miles) above Earth’s surface.

23
Q
  1. Photochemical Smog
A

An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions.

24
Q
  1. Point-Source Pollution
A

Pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source.

25
Q
  1. Post-Ford Pollution
A

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.

26
Q
  1. Right-to-Work Law
A

A U.S. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment.

27
Q
  1. Sanitary Landfill
A

A place to deposit solid waste, where a layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gases and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin.

28
Q
  1. Site Factors
A

Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor, and capital.

29
Q
  1. Situation Factors
A

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.

30
Q
  1. Textile
A

A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing.

31
Q
  1. Vertical Integration
A

An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.

32
Q
  1. Horizontal Integration
A

A strategy where a company creates or acquires production units for output which are alike - either complementary or competitive.

Human Geography (13 decks)

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