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Human Geography > AP Human Geo: Chapter 1 > Flashcards

AP Human Geo: Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q
  1. Cartography
A

The science of making maps.

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1
Q
  1. Map
A

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it.

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2
Q
  1. Map Scale
A

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface.

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3
Q
  1. Projection
A

A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map.

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4
Q
  1. Meridian
A

An arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles.

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5
Q
  1. Longitude
A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian.

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6
Q
  1. Prime Meridian
A

The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

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7
Q
  1. Parallel
A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

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8
Q
  1. Latitude
A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator 0°.

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9
Q
  1. Greenwich Mean Time
A

The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude.

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10
Q
  1. International Dateline
A

An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (towards America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (towards Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.

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11
Q
  1. Geographic Info Science
A

The development and analysis of data about Earth squired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

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12
Q
  1. Remote Sensing
A

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.

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13
Q
  1. Geographic Info. System
A

A computer system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and recievers.

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14
Q
  1. Location
A

The posturing of anything on Earth’s surface.

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15
Q
  1. Toponym
A

The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface.

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16
Q
  1. Site
A

The physical characteristic of a place.

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17
Q
  1. Region
A

An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.

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18
Q
  1. Cultural Landscape
A

The fashioning of a natural landscape by cultural groups.

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19
Q
  1. Cultural Landscape Approach
A

(Regional Studies) An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationship among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

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20
Q
  1. Regional Studies
A

(Cultural Landscape) An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

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21
Q
  1. Formal Regions
A

(Uniform or Homogeneous Region) An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

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22
Q
  1. Uniform Regions
A

(Formal region or Homogeneous Region) An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

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23
Q
  1. Functional Regions
A

(Nodal Regions) An area organized around a node or focal point.

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24
Q
  1. Nodal Regions
A

(Functional Regions) An organized around a node or a focal point.

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25
Q
  1. Mental Map
A

A representation of a particular of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located.

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26
Q
  1. Culture
A

The boy of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s district tradition.

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27
Q
  1. Globalization
A

Actions or process that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

28
Q
  1. Housing Bubble
A

A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value.

29
Q
  1. Transnational Corporation
A

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sell products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

30
Q
  1. Space
A

A physical gap or interval between two objects.

31
Q
  1. Distribution
A

The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.

32
Q
  1. Concentration
A

The spread of something over a given area.

33
Q
  1. Density
A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

34
Q
  1. Pattern
A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area.

35
Q
  1. Concentration
A

Relationships among people and object across the barrier of space.

36
Q
  1. Hearth
A

The region from which innovator ideas originate.

37
Q
  1. Diffusion
A

The spread of a feature or grand from one place to another over time.

38
Q
  1. Relocation Diffusion
A

The spread of a feature or trendy through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

39
Q
  1. Expansion Diffusion
A

The spread of a feature or al trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.

40
Q
  1. Hierarchical Diffusion
A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

41
Q
  1. Contagious Diffusion
A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

42
Q
  1. Stimulus Diffusion
A

the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected.

43
Q
  1. Distance Decay
A

The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

44
Q
  1. Space-Time Compression
A

the reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation system.

45
Q
  1. Network
A

A chain of communication that connect places.

46
Q
  1. Uneven Developement
A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.

47
Q
  1. Resource
A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.

48
Q
  1. Renewable Resource
A

Something produces in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

49
Q
  1. Nonrenewable Resource
A

Something produces in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

50
Q

51.Sustainability

A

The use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.

51
Q
  1. Conservation
A

The sustainable management of a natural resource.

52
Q
  1. Preservation
A

The maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible.

53
Q
  1. Biotic
A

Composed of living organism.

54
Q
  1. Abiotic
A

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter.

55
Q
  1. Atmosphere
A

The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.

56
Q
  1. Hydroshpere
A

All of the water on and near Earth’s surface.

57
Q
  1. Lithosphere
A

earth’s crust and a portion of the upper mantle directly below the crust.

58
Q
  1. Biosphere
A

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

59
Q
  1. Climate
A

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location.

60
Q
  1. Ecosystem
A

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

61
Q
  1. Ecology
A

The scientific study of organisms.

62
Q
  1. Erosion
A

The washing away of soil by the flow of water.

63
Q
  1. Depletion of Nutrients
A

Nutrients are depleted when plants withdraw more nutrients than natural process can replace.

64
Q
  1. Cultural Ecology
A

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

65
Q
  1. Environmental Determinism
A

A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography which argues that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

66
Q
  1. Possibilism
A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

67
Q
  1. Polder
A

Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.

Human Geography (13 decks)

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