ap hug unit 4

Question 1

define the different types of political entities for world political maps

Answer 1

independent states are the primary building blocks of the world political map

a state is a territory with defined boundaries organized into a political unit and has control over internal/foreign affairs

Question 2

nation

Answer 2

large group of people who share a common history or have similar cultural characteristics

Question 3

nation-state

Answer 3

sovereign state with subjects who are relatively homogenous

ex: iceland and japan

Question 4

self determination

Answer 4

idea that nations have the right to govern themselves

Question 5

multinational state

Answer 5

state with two or more nations inside that live together as one state while remaining cultural distinct

ex: russia

Question 6

balkanization

Answer 6

division of a place or country

Question 7

multistate nation

Answer 7

nation that stretches across multiple states

ex: north and south korea

Question 8

statesless nation

Answer 8

has a history of self determination but does not have a recognized state

ex: palestine

Question 9

stateless nation

Answer 9

nation of people without a state

ex: kurds

Question 10

autonomous region

Answer 10

has autonomy or freedom from an external authority

ex: china and the US

Question 11

semi autonomous region

Answer 11

has some autonomy, but not complete sovereignty

ex: hong kong with china

Question 12

sovereignty

Answer 12

government possesses control over affairs within a region

Question 13

antecedent boundary

Answer 13

existed before people settled, typically follows a natural boundary (river, mountain, lake, etc.)

Question 14

subsequent boundary

Answer 14

drawn as part of a settlement between 2 different cultural groups

Question 15

superimposed boundary

Answer 15

drawn without regard to pre existing cultural patterns

ex: colonial powers carved up africa at the berlin conference

Question 16

relic boundary

Answer 16

non-functioning boundary that can still be detected

ex: berlin wall

Question 17

delimitation

Answer 17

translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty on a map

Question 18

demarcation

Answer 18

actual placing of a political boundary on the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, etc.

Question 19

choke points

Answer 19

where the flow of people and goods can be constricted due to a conflict

Question 20

shatterbelt

Answer 20

an area that continually has nations fighting for land and self-identification

Question 21

territoriality

Answer 21

the connection of people, their connection and their economic systems to the land

Question 22

the united nations convention on the law of the sea

Answer 22

defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in using international waters

Question 23

redistricting

Answer 23

redrawing the boundaries of voting districts

Question 24

gerrymandering

Answer 24

process of redrawing political voting districts to favor one political party

Question 25

unitary states

Answer 25

capital commonly at the core

highly centralized governments (one entity has power), nationalism, and borders that are cultural

Question 26

federal states

Answer 26

capital city may have been created to serve as an administrative center

power is shared between a central authority and smaller governments

Question 27

explain how federal and unitary states affect spatial organization

Answer 27

unitary states tend to have a more centralized form of government, while federal states have more locally based and dispersed power centers

Question 28

ethnic separatism

Answer 28

ethnic group that desires to separate from larger group

occurs when minority groups fight for independence

ex: the basques and catalans in spain

Question 29

ethnic cleansing

Answer 29

people committing mass explusion or mass killing of an ethnic group they dont want to exist

ex: jews during holocaust

Question 30

terrorism

Answer 30

use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or co-erce a government into granting its demands

Question 31

irredentism

Answer 31

belief that territory outside a given state should be made part of the state due to a large amount of people living there of the same ethnicity

Question 32

NATO (north atlantic treaty organization)

Answer 32

countries of western europe, US, and canada

alliance to defend themselves from soviet union after WWII

Question 33

EU (european union)

Answer 33

agreement allows europe to facilitate trade

countries give up sovereignty to benefit from trade

Question 34

ASEAN (association of southeast asian nations)

Answer 34

southeast asian countries

promote economic, political, and military cooperation

Question 35

arctic council

Answer 35

arctic circle countries

promote cooperation and observe sustainability form climate change

Question 36

african union

Answer 36

african countries

goal is to unify africa, increasing economic and human rights

Question 37

supranationalism

Answer 37

3 or more states involving formal, political, economic, cultural and shared objectives

Question 38

USMCA (united state, mexico, canada agreement)

Answer 38

this agreement allows canada, mexico, and the US to trade across borders

Question 39

united nations (UN)

Answer 39

created after WWII

this organization negotiates with disagreements between states

Question 40

league of nations

Answer 40

created after WWI

this group hoped to stop future wars

the US refused to join and WWII soon began