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ap exams > ap hug unit 1 > Flashcards

ap hug unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

reference maps

A

maps that show where something is in space

purpose is to display geographical data (landforms) and political data (transportation networks)

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2
Q

thematic maps

A

display spatial patterns and relationships between them

(like on chloropleth maps they show data about the weather)

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3
Q

absolute distance

A

exact distance between two places or objects

measured in miles/kilometers

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4
Q

relative distance

A

the approximate measurement between two places

about 23 hour drive to Texas from virginia

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5
Q

absolute direction

A

exact direction a person is heading

compass says to go west

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6
Q

relative direction

A

direction given in relation to another object’s current location

library is north of house, but west of school

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7
Q

distance

A

amount of space between two objects, regions, or land masses

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8
Q

direction

A

used to determine where things are in relation to others

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9
Q

shape

A

external form or contours of an object

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10
Q

area

A

specific region or space that can be defined by geographical boundaries

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11
Q

GIS (geographic information system)

A

geographical data mapped in order to help make a decision for businesses, government or other people

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12
Q

GPS (global positioning system)

A

uses remote sensing from satellite navigation systems to provide location and data

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13
Q

how do businesses and organizations use geographic data for decision making purposes?

A

a business may analyze a map to choose where to locate their stores or advertisements

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14
Q

how does the government use geographic data for decision making purposes?

A

the government can use maps to monitor changes to land use, infrastructure conditions, etc.

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15
Q

absolute location

A

describing a point or place on the map using coordinates such as latitude and longitude

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16
Q

relative location

A

the location of a place compared to a known place or geographic feature

chick fil a is 2 miles east of my neighborhood in fairfax

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17
Q

space

A

the way in which objects are placed on earth’s surface that are defined by their location

separated by some degree of distance from other things

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18
Q

place

A

specific point on earth with human and physical characteristics that distinguish it from other places

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19
Q

flows

A

movements of people, resources, and culture

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20
Q

distance decay

A

when the distance between two places increases, the interaction between them decreases

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21
Q

time-space compression

A

the ability to move items from one place to another and the acceleration of that process (like new technology and communication)

22
Q

patterns

A

arrangement of objects on earth’s surface in relation to others

23
Q

environmental determinism

A

theory that the environment influences people and can cause social development

24
Q

environmental possibilism

A

theory that people can adjust or overcome an environment

25
Q

global scale

A

referring to all of earth

26
Q

regional scale

A

region or area that is larger than a community but smaller than the entire nation

27
Q

national scale

A

referring to an entire country

28
Q

local scale

A

referring to a town, city, or community

29
Q

what do scales of analysis reveal

A

patterns and processes at different scales reveal different interpretations and variations in data

30
Q

region

A

have one or more unifying characteristics (language, culture)

have patterns of activity, activities that happen in a repeated way like going to work or grocery shopping

31
Q

formal region

A

areas of space that possess some homogeneous characteristic or uniformity

ex: french-speaking region of canada

32
Q

functional region

A

areas that have a central place, or node, that is a focus or point of origin

ex: metropolitan areas

33
Q

perceptual/vernacular region

A

area that people believe exist as part of their cultural identity

ex: the east coast

34
Q

explain how regional boundaries are transitional and often are contested and overlapping

A

regional boundaries are places where those features or characteristics change

they are transitional which causes them to be contested and overlapping because they move from one place to another spreading the same idea

35
Q

explain how geographers apply regional analysis at local, national, and global scales

A

they apply scales to understand different inter-relationships, like how regions affect each other.

36
Q

explain why geographers study relationships and patterns among and between places

A

to reveal important spatial patterns by understanding relationship and patterns

they use the information to manage natural resource sustainability and to protect the planet as a whole

37
Q

explain how geographers use maps to help them discover patterns and relationships in the world

A

maps are very useful and present information about the world in a visual way

geographers analyze the distribution of phenomena on maps to identify spatial patterns (clusters, disparities, etc.)

38
Q

explain how geographers use a spatial perspective to analyze complex issues and relationships

A

geographers use a spatial perspective by considering the location, distribution, and interactions

they also consider the movement of people, goods, and ideas across space

39
Q

mercator projection

A

shapes are very accurate, it is a very common projection

area and distance are least distorted out of all maps

useful for true directions like navigation and sea travel

40
Q

robinson projection

A

the most common projection

shapes near the poles are flat

continents appear similar to the globe

distance at the poles are incorrect an there are minor distortions overall

41
Q

cartography

A

the science of mapmaking

42
Q

ways to express scale

A

fractions/ratios and verballys

43
Q

large scale map

A

lots of detail, small area

44
Q

small scale map

A

not a lot of detail, large area

45
Q

time-space convergence

A

states the internet increases the interactions of many cultures

increases the use of english as a global language with music and hollywood movies

46
Q

sequent occupance

A

the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place

each contributes to the cumulative cultural landscape

47
Q

spatial diffusion

A

the spread of factors from place to place (cultural practices, people, ideas, etc.)

48
Q

relocation diffusion

A

occurs when a person migrates from their home and shares their culture with a new location

49
Q

expansion diffusion

A

when innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations

50
Q

hierarchical diffusion

A

when a cultural trend is spread from one segment of society to another in pattern

51
Q

contagious diffusion

A

the process of an idea being spread rapidly throughout the population, affecting all places and individuals in the region

52
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

when cultural ideas originating from a culture are adapted and changed by other cultures while maintaining the basic principles of the original ideas

ap exams (7 decks)

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