Ap Bio unit 8 vocab Flashcards
Memorize word
Movement of an organism in response to a stimulus
Taxis
The undirected movement of an organism in response to a stimulus
Kinesis
A regular long distance change in location
Migration
Physical mental and behavioral changes that follow 24 hour cycles
Circadian rhythms
State of inactivity reduced metabolic rate to survive harsh weather
Hibernation
Growth of a organism and response to stimulus
Phototropism
Plants response to changes in length of day or night
Photoperiodism
Automatic physiological reaction to an event that is considered stressful or frightening. The perception of threat activates, sympathetic, nervous system and triggers, acute stress response that prepares the body to
Fight or flight
Animals very their alarm calls based upon source of eavesdropped signals
Predator warnings
When a plant is being threatened it a hormone or chemical to nearby plants
Plants response to her herbivory
Animals that communicate through odors or taste, emit chemical substances called
Pheromones
When one organism is attacked, it sends what to other mammals
Alarmed pheromones
A sequence of unlearned acts linked to simple stimulus
Fixed action pattern
A type of natural selection that considers the role relatives play when evaluating the genetic fitness of a given individual. This occurs when an animal engages in self sacrificial behavior that benefits, genetic fitness of its relatives.
Kin selection
Use thermal heat energy generated by metabolism to maintain homeostatic body temps
Endotherms
Some of all chemical reactions in an organism
Metabolism
Lack internal mechanisms for maintaining body temp they may regulate temp behavior by moving in the sun or shade or by aggregating with other individuals
Ectotherms
Number of calories required to perform basic life detaining functions
Metabolic rate
Shows the transfer of modern energy from one organism to the next
Food chain
Capture energy from physical or chemical sources
Producers
Shows food chains connecting or intertwine more realistic version of what happens in nature
Food web
Capture energy and carbon compounds produced by other organisms
Consumers
Steps in food web/chain
Tropic levels
When a population grows as if there are unlimited sources that is what growth?
Exponential growth
Measurement of how many individuals are in a specific area
Population density
Won’t be able to grow exponentially due to energy, shelter, water, nutrients habitats. These are..
Limiting factors
External factors that affect the size of the population of living things, regardless of population density
Density independent factors
Factors that regulate population growth rates based on the density population
Density dependent factors
A group of populations of different species live close enough to interact
Biological community
How an organism interacts with individuals of other species in the community
Interspecific interactions
Individuals of different species compete for resources that limit their growth
Competition
Two species compete for the resource and one will be eliminated
Competitive exclusion
The role organism plays in a community
Niche
Refers to the interrelationship of species with all biotic and abiotic factors affecting it
Ecological niche
The range of resources and conditions allow species to maintain a viable population
Species ecological niche
When one species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources and leads to a realized niche
Resource partitioning
Entire set of conditions under which species can survive and reproduce
Fundamental niche
Set use by species after interactions with other species
Realized niche
A symbiotic relationship where both species benefit
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship or one species benefits, and one isnt affected
Commensalism
a symbiotic relationship or one species benefits, and the other species is harmed
Parasitism
Number of species you would find out a community
Species richness
The proportion of each species represents of all individuals in a community
Relative abundance
The changing or formation of an ecosystem
Ecological succession
A measure of diversity which takes into account of the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. Species richness, and even increase diversity increases. N equals total number of organisms of a particular species.
Simpsons diversity index
Different types of species
Species diversity
Final stage of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by event, such as fire or human interference
Climax community
a species that has a very large impact on a community disproportionate to the amount of that individual in the species
Keystone species
Different types of ecosystems
Ecosystem diversity
One crop is grown in an area
Monoculture
When a human population grows and starts to move in the cities
Urbanization
These are random and art directed by specific environmental pressures
Mutations
Pollution is a
Density independent limiting factor or abiotic factor
Taking animals out of habitat and species population decreases
Over exploitation
Warming of our atmosphere oceans and land
Climate change
What causes welts in death in all species of elm trees
Dutch Elm disease
What is caused by phytophtora infestans and is the most devastating thing for potatoes of any crop
Potato blight
Movement of chemical elements through different media example soil rocks, water
Biochemical cycles
Habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, population growth, climate change, over exploitation
HIPPCO
Theory that the earths continents move relative to each other over geologic time
Continental draft
Appearance of an organism based on amount of light, it reflects or emits
Coloration
Actions taking my organisms that benefit other others in the group
Cooperative behavior
An act or behavior of an animal to attract a mate
Courtship behavior
____ within organisms Increases efficiency in the use of modern energy
Cooperation
Chemical reaction that involves combining reacting molecules to make a large water molecule with loss of water
Dehydration synthesis
Antonym for nocturnal
Diurnal
Climate pattern occurs when the ocean surface in the central eastern Pacific Ocean are warmer than average
El Niño La Niña
Populations of all different species that live together in an area to make up a community
Ecological relationships
Amount of dietary energy that is able to support physiological function after subtracting the energy of exercise
Energy availability
It gives off heat during its formation and absorbs heat during decomposition
Exotherm
Searching for wild food
Foraging
The biological variation that occurs within species
Genetic diversity
The rate or speed at which the number of organisms in a population increases
Growth rate
Chemical substances that act like molecules in the body and control how cells and organs do work
Hormones
Chemical reaction in which molecules of water breaks one or more chemical bonds
Hydrolysis
Energy can either be created nor destroyed, and we converted from one form of energy to another
Law of conservation of energy
It can’t be created or destroyed, a lot the mass of the system remains constant overtime
Law of conservation of mass
When the growth rate decreases the population reaches carrying capacity type of growth?
Logistic growth
The change in activity of an organism in response to stimulus
Behavior
A group that bind the individuals together as a unit, usually clear hierarchy based on age and experience
Pack Behavior
How the parents interact with their offspring, vice versa
Parent/offspring interactions
The process which natural selection drives competing species into different patterns of research use or different niches
Niche partitioning
Maximum per capita growth rate
Rmax
Collision of astronomical objects toward earth
Meteor impact
When organisms try to resemble other organisms or inanimate objects to gain an advantage in their surroundings
Mimicry
The study of functioning of all organisms and the functioning of their constituent tissues or cells
Physiology
Change in the number of members of a certain species and a particular time and location
Population growth/change
A biological interaction where one organism hunts and kills the other organism for food
Predator prey relationship or predation
Two different species interacting in a close relationship
Symbiosis
The distribution of abundance across the species community
Species evenness
Surface area and volume for cell sizes
SA;V ratio
The accessibility and quantity of natural resources necessary for survival and development
Resource availability
The way an animal mates or raises offspring
Reproductive strategies
An animal that consumes at the very top of the food chain
Quaternary consumer
Homeostatic process at maintains a steady internal body temperature despite changes
Thermal regulation
Powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems
Trophic cascade
Showing the progression of food energy, how much energy and biomass moves in ecosystem
Trophic pyramid
A new area of land is populated by a group of species for the first time
Primary succession
This occurs after the initial succession has been disrupted, and some plants and animals still exist
Secondary succession
