AP Bio Unit 0 Flashcards
Clear, testable statement written in present, tense with practical reasoning
Proper hypothesis
There is no significant difference between observed and expected. Any difference is due to chance
Null hypothesis
There is statistical difference between what is observed and expected. Difference is not due to chance
Alternate hypothesis
Sigma =
Summation
How spread out your data is from mean
Standard deviation
How accurately the sample mean represents the population mean
Standard error of the mean
Smaller group out of whole population
Sample size
Average
Mean
Midpoint
Median
Difference between extremes
Range
Number that occurs most often
Mode
Number of values and final calculation of statistic that are free to very
Degree of freedom
Value you calculate using the formula
Chi Square value
Always ___ shows how likely it is that results could’ve been due to chance
P Value
If Square value is less than critical value then
Fail to reject null hypothesis
From the chart where degrees of freedom and p-value meet
Critical value
If Square value is greater than critical value then
Reject null hypothesis
Graphical representation that displayed the relationship between two continuous variables by blooding individual data point dots
Scatter plot
Variable that describes characteristics of an organism or can take values representing categories or groups
Categorical variable
Graphs used to visually compare to samples of categorical data
Bar graph
Variable that is being influenced by another and what’s measured
Dependent variable
Variable that are counted or categorized data that helps describe show or summarized data or can take on specific numbers
Discrete variable
Claim evidence reasoning, used model scientific explanation
CER
Visual representations on a graph that indicate the variability or uncertainty with data points
Error bars
Whether any differences observed being studied are real, or if they’re likely just due to chance
Statistical significance
A group in an experiment that doesn’t receive any type of change and should not show any change during experiment
Negative control
The group being tested were exposed to the independent variable
Experimental group
What type of mathematics dealing with collection analysis interpretation presentation or Organization of data
Statistics
An observation on something that has been confirmed by being tested
Theory
The group of subjects in an experiment who don’t receive any treatment
Control group
Scientific test done under controlled conditions, meaning that one or a few factors are changed at a time while others are kept constant
Controlled experiment
Independent variable
Law
Sample or group of experiment that is treated with unknown stimulus, guaranteed to produce a positive result
Positive control
Factor that is kept constant throughout an experiment, ensuring that any observed changes in the dependent variable are due to manipulation of the independent variable
Controlled variable/constant
Trial
A factor trait or condition that exists during different amounts or types within an experiment
Variable
One that is measured not counted
Continuous variable
To track certain changes measured on the Y axis over a period of time on the X axis
Line graph
A straight line on a scatter plot that represents the trend between variables
Line of best fit
structure format used to organize and record experimental data
Data table
How something changes over time
Rate
