AOS 1 - Skill Aquisition Flashcards
Gross motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of large muscle groups such as those in the arms or legs. Eg. Running
Fine motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of small muscle groups such as those in the hands. Eg. Darts
Discrete motor skills
Have an obvious beginning and end. Eg. Kicking a ball.
Continuous motor skills
Have no definite beginning or end point. Eg. Walking or running.
Serial motor skills
A combination of discrete skills. Eg. When a gymnast performs several discrete skills in a sequence during a floor routine.
Open skill
Skills performed in a not so predictable environment where the conditions are constantly changing and the performer has little, if any, control over their environment. Eg. White water kayaking.
Closed skill
Performed in surroundings where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment. Eg. Indoor diving
Cognitive stage of learning
Known as the ‘what is to be done stage’, it is very short and often performed in a closed environment. The performer is just learning the skill and will make lots of mistakes.
Associative stage of learning
Known as the ‘practice stage’, it is the longest stage and is used for refining errors in the skill, not learning new movements. The performer can start to use their own feedback and will see a slow gradual improvement.
Autonomous stage of learning
Known as the ‘automatic stage’ because the skilled performance is performed automatically and they won’t need to think about the steps. They can use analyse cues from the environment and focus on tactics and strategies.
Massed practice
Involves the scheduling of less frequent training sessions that last longer. Rest intervals are reduced when compared to distributed practice.
Distributed practice
Shorter but more frequent training sessions. There is more time for rest between tasks within the training session
Whole practice
Whole Practice is a method of learning, where you a taught a skill as a whole. For example a layout in Basketball can be taught as a whole, where you are shown the whole movement then asked to carry it out or it can be learned in parts where you are taught the major parts of the movement (e.g. dribbling, stepping, shooting). Whole Practice is the opposite to Part Practice.
Part practice
Breaking a skill up into distinct parts and practicing the parts individually.
Blocked practice
Practicing the same skill continually without changing to a different task. Eg. Continually practicing a netball chest pass
Random practice
The varies sequencing of different motor skills in the same training session.
Eg. In volleyball it is not performing 5 spikes, 5 digs then 5 sets. Random practice could be spike, dig, spike, set, dig, spike, spike, set, dig, dig, set, spike.
Why is Variability of practice important?
Helps strengthen experience in all possible scenarios in sporting environments.
What is the most effective way to deliver feedback?
First a motivating comment (serves are looking good)
Then positive reinforcement (good backswing)
Then offer the learner a cue to fixing the error. (See if you can throw the ball a bit higher in the ball toss)
Internal feedback
A piece of info a performer receives fro mths internal environment within their body. Info is gained through muscles, tendons, joints - (Proprioceptive).
External feedback
A piece of info a performer receives from the external environment - through their senses.
- seeing
- hearing
- taste
- touch
- smell
Proprioceptors
Receptors in the bodies joints, muscles, ligaments and tendons, they detect sensory info. They travel along sensory nerves to the brain.
Anticipation
The ability to predict an upcoming event such as predicting your aponents next shot in tennis or the direction of a penalty kick in soccer prior to obvious ball flight information (Rinaldo vid).
What are the classifications of type of movement?
Discrete, continuous and serial motor skills
What are the two classifications of predictability of the environment?
Closed and open motor skills
