AOS 1 - Skill Aquisition Flashcards
Gross motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of large muscle groups such as those in the arms or legs. Eg. Running
Fine motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of small muscle groups such as those in the hands. Eg. Darts
Discrete motor skills
Have an obvious beginning and end. Eg. Kicking a ball.
Continuous motor skills
Have no definite beginning or end point. Eg. Walking or running.
Serial motor skills
A combination of discrete skills. Eg. When a gymnast performs several discrete skills in a sequence during a floor routine.
Open skill
Skills performed in a not so predictable environment where the conditions are constantly changing and the performer has little, if any, control over their environment. Eg. White water kayaking.
Closed skill
Performed in surroundings where the performer has the greatest control over the performance environment. Eg. Indoor diving
Cognitive stage of learning
Known as the ‘what is to be done stage’, it is very short and often performed in a closed environment. The performer is just learning the skill and will make lots of mistakes.
Associative stage of learning
Known as the ‘practice stage’, it is the longest stage and is used for refining errors in the skill, not learning new movements. The performer can start to use their own feedback and will see a slow gradual improvement.
Autonomous stage of learning
Known as the ‘automatic stage’ because the skilled performance is performed automatically and they won’t need to think about the steps. They can use analyse cues from the environment and focus on tactics and strategies.
Massed practice
Involves the scheduling of less frequent training sessions that last longer. Rest intervals are reduced when compared to distributed practice.
Distributed practice
Shorter but more frequent training sessions. There is more time for rest between tasks within the training session
Whole practice
Whole Practice is a method of learning, where you a taught a skill as a whole. For example a layout in Basketball can be taught as a whole, where you are shown the whole movement then asked to carry it out or it can be learned in parts where you are taught the major parts of the movement (e.g. dribbling, stepping, shooting). Whole Practice is the opposite to Part Practice.
Part practice
Breaking a skill up into distinct parts and practicing the parts individually.
Blocked practice
Practicing the same skill continually without changing to a different task. Eg. Continually practicing a netball chest pass
