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Pharmacology (Multisystem) > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Mention antiherpes agents that are active against CMV

A

Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
Cidofovir
Foscarent

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2
Q

What’s in common between Penciclovir and Trifluridine?

A

Both are used topically only.

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3
Q

How does acyclovir work?

A

It’s a purine analog which depends on its activation on viral thymidine kinase then cellular enzymes which turns it into a triphosphate nucleotide that inhibits DNA polymerase enzyme.

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4
Q

Is acyclovir active against EBV and CMV? Yes or No?

A

No.

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5
Q

Mention some of the side effects of acyclovir.

A

Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
GIT disturbances
Local irritation

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6
Q

What’s an antiviral that is 3 to 5 times greater in serum levels than acyclovir?

A

Valacyclovir.

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7
Q

What’s Famciclovir metabolized into?

A

Penciclovir

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8
Q

How does Trifluridine work?

A

By inhibiting viral DNA synthesis.

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9
Q

How does Docasanol work?

A

By inhibiting viral fusion with host cell membrane and preventing viral entry.

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10
Q

What are the side effects of Ganciclovir?

A

Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity

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11
Q

What’s in common between Cidofovir and Foscarent?

A

Both are nephrotoxic and both do not depend on viral enzymes in its activation so they’re useful in resistant cases.

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12
Q

Why does cidofovir have to be administered with a large dose of Probenecid?

A

Because it’s highly nephrotoxic.

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13
Q

Foscarent causes electrolyte disturbance in the form of..

A

Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hypokalemia.

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14
Q

Classify anti-respiratory viral drugs.

A

Inhibitors of entry: Palivizumab
Inhibitors of uncoating: amantadine and rimantadine
Inhibitors of viral mRNA synthesis: Ribavirin
Inhibitors of neuroaminidase (release): Oseltamivir and Zanamivir

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15
Q

Amantadine and rimantadine are active against both types of influenza? Yes or No?

A

No. They are active against influenza A only.

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16
Q

Only amantadine causes CNS manifestations. Why?

A

Because it crosses the BBB while rimantadine doesn’t.

17
Q

What’s in common between rimantadine/amantadine and ribavirin?

A

They’re both teratogenic.

18
Q

What’s in common between foscarent and ribavirin?

A

They both cause anemia.

19
Q

What are the side effects of interferons?

A

Alopecia/Bone marrow depression/Influenza like syndrome/weight loss

20
Q

What are the obsolete drugs used in HBV?

A

Lamuvidine due to resistance and Adefovir because of nephrotoxicity and low efficacy

21
Q

What are the drugs used as 1st line treatment in HBV?

A

Entecavir and Tenofovir

22
Q

What peptide binds to gp41 subunit of HIV envelope and prevents interaction with CD4 receptors?

A

Enfuvritide

23
Q

What antiretroviral binds to CCR5? And why should a viral tropism test be done before its intake?

A

Maraviroc

Because some strains use CXCR4 instead of CCR5

24
Q

What are the side effects of Maraviroc?

A

Malignancy and infection
Hepatotoxicity
Muscle pain
Many drug interactions as it’s metabolized by CYP3A4

25
Q

Which NRTI doesn’t require dose adjustment and why?

A

Abacavir because it’s metabolized in the liver.

26
Q

Zidovudine is an NRTI that causes..

A

Bone marrow depression

27
Q

Pancreatitis occurs with the following NRTIs..

A

Stavudine and Didanosine

28
Q

How are NNRTIs different from NRTIs?

A

They are highly selective and do not require activation by cellular enzymes.

29
Q

Steven Johnson syndrome occurs with which class of antiretrovirals?

A

NNRTIs

30
Q

What INSTI causes myopathy?

A

Raltegravir

31
Q

Which class of antiretrovirals not recommended to be given with antacids?

A

INSTIs

32
Q

Which class of antiretrovirals is HME inducer and which is inhibitor?

A

Inducer: NNRTIs
Inhibitors: Protease inhibitors

33
Q

Mention 2 drugs that cause gynecomastia.

A

Ketoconazole and protease inhibitors.

34
Q

Mention the class of antiretrovirals that cause buffalo hump.

A

Protease inhibitors

35
Q

Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can occur with..?

A

Protease inhibitors

36
Q

Which protease inhibitor causes nephrolithiasis?

A

Indinavir

Pharmacology (Multisystem) (9 decks)

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