Antineoplastic Drugs Flashcards
sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
Lymphomas
Cancers that arise in organs of the immune system.
carcinoma
Lymphomas
Cancers that arise in organs of the immune system.
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
Anti-neoplastic drugs
(antimalignant) drugs used to fight abnormal cell division and growths (cancer)
Cell cycle-nonspecific drugs
Cytotoxic during any cell-cycle stage
drugs that are cytotoxic during a specific cell-cycle phase
cell cycle specific drugs
Emetic potential
the potential of a drug to cause nausea and vomiting
Dose-limiting adverse effects
the patient can no longer tolerate an increase in dosage that may be necessary to adequately treat the cancer and achieve good disease response
Methotrexate
Antimetabolite
Mitotic Inhibitors
Paclitaxel (taxol), docetaxel (taxotere); indicated for breast cancer, ovarian cancer, on-small-cell-lung cancer, Kaposi sarcoma; adverse reactions: decreased WBCs & RBCs, alopecia, NVD, joint, muscle pain; monitor for S&S of infection; administer antiemetics and antidiarrheals
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Etoposide
Teniposide
Irinotecan
Topotecan
Antineoplastic enzymes
may cause impaired pancreatic function
Alkylating agents
anti-neoplastic- interferes with rapid DNA replication
used: leukemia, multiple myeloma
Csplatin, busulfan (Mylerin), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxin)
adfx: very hepatotoxic, basic chemo adfx: bone marrow suppression, decreased WBC, platelets, RBCs, bleeding, GI s/s, alopecia, lost nails, infertility
check hematopoesis, CBC
Cytotoxic Antibiotics: Indications
Used in combination chemotherapy regimens
Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and
some hematologic malignancies
Leukemia, ovarian, breast, bone
Squamous cell carcinomas
AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma
Hormonal Antineoplastics
Tamoxifen
Side effects of methotrexate
Bone marrow suppression (all should be on folic acid supplementation)
- Hepatotoxicity
- Oral ulcers/stomatitis
nadir
lowest point in any fluctuating value over time, for example, the lowest white blood cell count measured after the count has been depressed by chemotherapy
signs and symptoms of low RBC
hypoxia, fatigue
Leukovorin
Used in cases of over-dosage or high dose methotrexate protocols. Provides cells w/ reduced folate overcoming blockade by methotrexate
Also Used to increase Cytotoxic effects of 5-Flurouracil! incorporates more 5-FU into RNA
How to assess for stomatitis
examine mouth and mucous membranes daily
chemotherapy spill kit
used to clean spilled chemotherapy
Extravasation
leakage from a vessel into the tissue
Cell non-specific drugs advantages
Cytotoxic in every cell cycle
Octreotide (Sandostatin)
Antidiarrheal
Neutropenia causes
sepsis/postinfection drugs (e.g. chemotherapy, others) aplastic anemia SLE radiation Neutropenia deficiency of neutrophils 2
Neutropenia
deficiency of neutrophils
