Antimycobacterial Drugs Flashcards
isoniazid: mechanism, uses, metabolism, side effects
- bactericidal
- inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid; prodrug that is activated by KatG protein and targets the InhA protein
- use: TB infection; for active TB always given in combination
- absorption/excretion: N-acetylated by N-acetyltransferase-2
- side effects: peripheral neuritis (improved with B6 administration), hepatotoxicity
rifampin: use, mechanism, side effects
- treats TB
- inhibits RNA polymerase, thereby suppressing RNA synthesis
- bactericidal
- side effects: hepatotoxicity, potent inducer of multiple CYPs, orange color
ethambutol: mechanism, side effects
- interferes with arabinosyl transferase, blocking cell wall synthesis
- tuberculostatic
- side effects: optic neuritis
bactericidal drugs against TB
mnemonic: RIPS TB apart!!
isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin
pyrazinamide: use, mechanism, -static or -cidal, side effect
- treats TB, particularly useful for CNS involvement
- blocks mycolic acid synthesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase I
- bactericidal
- side effect: hepatotoxicity
streptomycin: mechanism, use, side effects
- binds to several ribosomal sites
- usually reserved for the most serious forms of TB because of its adverse effects
- side effects: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
rifabutin
single-agent prophylaxis of MAC
single-agent prophylaxis of MAC
rifabutin
clarithromycin: use, -static or -cidal
- part of multi-drug regimen for treatment of MAC
- also prophylaxis
- bactericidal
most common multi-drug therapy for MAC
rifabutin + clarithromycin
drugs used in treatment of leprosy
dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin
dapsone: uses, mechanism, side effects
- treatment of leprosy, prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci
- structural analog of PABA, inhibits synthesis of folic acid
- side effects: hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia
clofazimine: use, mechanism
- treatment of leprosy
- binds to mycobacterial DNA, interfering with reproduction and growth
bacteriostatic drug against TB
ethambutol
particularly useful for CNS penetration in treatment of TB
pyrazinamide
interferes with arabinosyl transferase
ethambutol
blocks mycolic acid synthesis by inhibiting fatty acid synthase I
pyrazinamide
anti-TB agent that binds to several ribosomal sites
streptomycin
treatment of leprosy, prophylaxis and treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci
dapsone
structural analog of PABA, inhibits synthesis of folic acid
dapsone
side effects: hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia
dapsone
- treatment of leprosy
- binds to mycobacterial DNA, interfering with reproduction and growth
clofazimine
side effects: peripheral neuritis (improved with B6 administration), hepatotoxicity
isoniazid
side effects: hepatotoxicity, potent inducer of multiple CYPs, orange color
rifampin
