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Pharmacology - Midterm 2 > Antimicrobials - Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis > Flashcards

Antimicrobials - Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics

A

Carbapenems, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams

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2
Q

MOA of Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors

A

bind PBPs to inhibit last step of peptidoglycan synthesis

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3
Q

Autolysin

A

bacterial enzyme that mediates cell lysis; activated by Penicillins

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4
Q

target site for Beta lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin Binding Proteins, including Transpeptidases

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5
Q

major antigenic determinant for Hypersensitivity

A

Penicilloic Acid

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6
Q

Known to cause Interstitial Nephritis

A

Methicillin

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7
Q

Maculopapular rash when given for viral infection

A

Ampicllin or Amoxicillin

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8
Q

Known to cause Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Ampicillin

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9
Q

Found in high levels in bile

A

Nafcillin, ampicillin, and pipericillin

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10
Q

highest oral bioavailability

A

Amoxicillin

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11
Q

Post-antibiotic effect

A

killing action continues even when drug plasma levels are below measurable level

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12
Q

Bactericidal

A

irreversible inhibition of growth

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13
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

reversible inhibition of growth

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14
Q

lowest concentration of antibiotic that prevents visible growth

A

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

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15
Q

lowest concentration that results in 99.9% decline in colony count

A

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration

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16
Q

Synergism: Sequential blockade

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

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17
Q

Synergism: Enhanced drug uptake

A

Beta lactams increase permeability to Aminoglycosides

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18
Q

Synergism: Blocakade of drug inactivating enzymes

A

Clavulanic Acid + Amoxicillin

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19
Q

Cause Hypoprothrombinemia due to Vitamin K deficiency

A

Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, and Cefotetan

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20
Q

Cause Disulfiram rxn (contain methyl-thiotetrazole)

A

Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, and Cefotetan

21
Q

Time dependent killing

A

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

22
Q

Which generation of Cephalosporins is best for Meningitis prophylaxis and treatment?

A

3rd Generation; reach adequate levels in CSF; Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime , Cefoperazone

23
Q

Cephalosporin with activity against MRSA

A

Ceftaroline - 5th generation

24
Q

Cephalosporin that causes Kernicterus

A

Ceftriaxone; note, Cephalosporins are contraindicated in pregnancy unless benefits outweigh the risks

25
Q

Redman Syndrome

A

Vancomycin

26
Q

Active against Gram -ve bacteria only

A

Aztreonam (Monobactam)

27
Q

DOC for enterobacter infections and Beta lactamase-producing Gram -ve bacteria

A

Meropenem and Imipenem (Carbapenems)

28
Q

Partial cross-reactivity with Penicillins ==> allergic rxns

A

Carbapenems

29
Q

Inhalation for CF patients

A

Aztreonam

30
Q

Can also be used against P.aeruginosa

A

Cefaperazone + Ceftazidine OR Aztreonam OR Carbapenems

31
Q

Active against Gram +ve bacteria, including MRSA

A

Vancomycin

32
Q

Combined with aminoglycoside to treat infective endocarditis

A

Vancomycin

33
Q

Resistance due to replacing Ala with lactate at binding site

A

Vancomycin

34
Q

MOA Vancomycin

A

binds D-Ala D-Ala on peptidoglycan to decrease polymerization

35
Q

Calcium-dependent insertion of lipid tail causes depolarization, K+ efflux, and cell death

A

Daptomycin

36
Q

inactivated by surfactant so not effective against Pneumonia

A

Daptomycin

37
Q

Antibiotic cream that interferes with late stage cell wall synthesis of Gram +ves only

A

Bacitracin

38
Q

Inhibits cytoplasmic enol-pyruvate transferase in early cell wall synthesis

A

Fosfamycin

39
Q

AE: myopathy, which causes an increase in serum creatinine kinase

A

Daptomycin

40
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor effective against ORSA, MRSA, VRE, VRSA but not against pneumonia or Gram -ve

A

Daptomycin

41
Q

DOC for Ampicillin-resistant Meningitis caused by H.influenzae

A

Ceftriaxone

42
Q

DOC for Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

43
Q

DOC for Meningitis prophylaxis

A

Ceftriaxone

44
Q

DOC for Lyme Disease with CNS and joint involvement

A

Ceftriaxone

45
Q

4th Generation Cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

46
Q

Cephalosporins excreted in bile

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone

47
Q

Combined with Cilastatin to prevent formation of its nephrotoxic metabolite

A

Imipenem

48
Q

Cephalosporin combination used for pneumococcal infections

A

Cefotaxime + Ceftriaxone

Pharmacology - Midterm 2 (16 decks)

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