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Drugs MRCP > Antihypertensives and diuretics > Flashcards

Antihypertensives and diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

A

Inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin !!, leading to vasodilation and reduced stimulation of aldosterone release, which in turn reduces sodium and water retention at kidneys

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2
Q

What is the renoprotective mechanism of ACE inhibitors?

A

Dilation of effect arterioles leads to decreased glomerular capillary pressure and decreased mechanical stress

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3
Q

What are the common side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough - due to bradykinin release
Hyperkalaemia
Angioedema

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of doxazosin?

A

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist, which causes vasodilation

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ARBs?

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers at AT1 receptor, leading to vasodilation, decreased vasopressin and decreased aldosterone

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibit Na-K-Cl transporter in ascending loop of Henle, leading to reduced resorption of NaCl

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7
Q

What are the common electrolyte imbalances seen with loop diuretics?

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnasaemia
Hypocalcaemia

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8
Q

What are some common side effects of loop diuretics?

A

Renal impairment
Gout
Ototoxicity

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

A

Block NaCl transporter so inhibit sodium resorption in distal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What are the common electrolyte abnormalities with thiazide diuretics?

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypercalcaemia

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11
Q

What are some common adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Hyperglycaemia
Gout
Impotence

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12
Q

What are some rare adverse effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Pancreatitis
Agranulocytosis
Thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

What are the classes of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Epithelial sodium channel blockers eg amiloride
Aldosterone antagonist eg eplerenone, spironolactone

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of epithelial sodium channel blocker diuretics?

A

Block epithelial sodium channel in distal convoluted tubule

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Block aldosterone leading to decreased sodium and water resorption in cortical collecting duct

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Drugs MRCP (7 decks)

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